Figure 5-1 shows the business relationships that exist and that are needed to support a single VAL user.

The VAL user belongs to a VAL service provider based on a VAL service agreement between the VAL user and the VAL service provider. The VAL service provider can have VAL service agreements with several VAL users. The VAL user can have VAL service agreements with several VAL service providers. The VAL service provider and the home PLMN operator can be part of the same organization, in which case the business relationship between the two is internal to a single organization. The VAL service provider can have SEAL provider arrangements with multiple SEAL providers and the SEAL provider can have PLMN operator service arrangements with multiple home PLMN operators. The SEAL provider and the VAL service provider or the home PLMN operator can be part of the same organization, in which case the business relationship between the two is internal to a single organization. The home PLMN operator can have PLMN operator service arrangements with multiple VAL service providers and the VAL service provider can have PLMN operator service arrangements with multiple home PLMN operators. As part of the PLMN operator service arrangement between the VAL service provider and the home PLMN operator, PLMN subscription arrangements can be provided which allows the VAL UEs to register with home PLMN operator network. The home PLMN operator can have PLMN roaming agreements with multiple visited PLMN operators and the visited PLMN operator can have PLMN roaming agreements with multiple home PLMN operators.