Content for TS 38.305 Word version: 18.3.0

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3.1 Definitions 3.2 Abbreviations
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1 Scope p. 13

The present document specifies the stage 2 of the UE Positioning function of NG-RAN which provides the mechanisms to support or assist the calculation of the geographical position of a UE. UE position knowledge can be used, for example, in support of Radio Resource Management functions, as well as location-based services for operators, subscribers, and third-party service providers. The purpose of this stage 2 specification is to define the NG-RAN UE Positioning architecture, functional entities and operations to support positioning methods. This description is confined to the NG-RAN Access Stratum. It does not define or describe how the results of the UE position calculation can be utilised in the Core Network (e.g., LCS) or in NG-RAN (e.g., RRM).

UE Positioning may be considered as a network-provided enabling technology consisting of standardised service capabilities that enable the provision of location applications. The application(s) may be service provider specific. The description of the numerous and varied possible location applications which are enabled by this technology is outside the scope of the present document. However, clarifying examples of how the functionality being described may be used to provide specific location services may be included.

This stage 2 specification covers the NG-RAN positioning methods, state descriptions, and message flows to support UE Positioning.

This stage 2 specification also covers ranging and sidelink positioning in in-coverage and out-of-coverage of NG-RAN using NR PC5 interface.

2 References p. 13

The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document.

References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific.
For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same Release as the present document.

[1]

TR 21.905: "Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications".

[2]

TS 23.501: "System Architecture for the 5G System; Stage 2".

[3]

TS 22.071: "Location Services (LCS); Service description, Stage 1".

[4]

TS 23.032: "Universal Geographical Area Description (GAD)".

[5]

IS-GPS-200, Revision D, Navstar GPS Space Segment/Navigation User Interfaces, March 7th, 2006.

[6]

IS-GPS-705, Navstar GPS Space Segment/User Segment L5 Interfaces, September 22, 2005.

[7]

IS-GPS-800, Navstar GPS Space Segment/User Segment L1C Interfaces, September 4, 2008.

[8]

Galileo OS Signal in Space ICD (OS SIS ICD), Draft 0, Galileo Joint Undertaking, May 23rd, 2006.

[9]

Global Navigation Satellite System GLONASS Interface Control Document, Version 5, 2002.

[10]

IS-QZSS, Quasi Zenith Satellite System Navigation Service Interface Specifications for QZSS, Ver.1.0, June 17, 2008.

[11]

Specification for the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), US Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, DTFA01-96-C-00025, 2001.

[12]

RTCM 10402.3, RTCM Recommended Standards for Differential GNSS Service (v.2.3), August 20, 2001.

[13]

TS 36.331: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification".

[14]

TS 38.331: "NR Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specification".

[15]

OMA-AD-SUPL-V2_0: "Secure User Plane Location Architecture Approved Version 2.0".

[16]

OMA-TS-ULP-V2_0_6: "UserPlane Location Protocol Approved Version 2.0.6".

[17]

TS 36.214: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer - Measurements".

[18]

TS 36.302: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Services provided by the physical layer".

[19]

TS 36.355: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)".

[20]

BDS-SIS-ICD-B1I-3.0: "BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal In Space Interface Control Document Open Service Signal B1I (Version 3.0)", February, 2019.

[21]

IEEE 802.11: "Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications"

[22]

Bluetooth Special Interest Group: "Bluetooth Core Specification v4.2", December 2014.

[23]

ATIS-0500027: "Recommendations for Establishing Wide Scale Indoor Location Performance", May 2015.

[24]

TS 36.211: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical channels and modulation".

[25]

TS 36.305: "Stage 2 functional specification of User Equipment (UE) positioning in E-UTRA".

[26]

TS 23.502: "Procedures for the 5G System; Stage 2".

[27]

TS 38.455: "NG-RAN; NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa)".

[28]

TS 29.518: "5G System; Access and Mobility Management Services; Stage 3".

[29]

TS 24.501: "Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) protocol for 5G System (5GS); Stage 3".

[30]

TS 38.413: "NG-RAN; NG Application Protocol (NGAP)".

[31]

RTCM 10403.3, "RTCM Recommended Standards for Differential GNSS Services (v.3.3)", October 7, 2016.

[32]

TS 38.133: "NR; Requirements for support of radio resource management".

[33]

TS 29.572: "Location Management Services; Stage 3".

[34]

BDS-SIS-ICD-B1C-1.0: "BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal In Space Interface Control Document Open Service Signal B1C (Version 1.0)", December, 2017

[35]

TS 23.273: "5G System (5GS) Location Services (LCS); Stage 2".

[36]

IS-QZSS-L6-001, Quasi-Zenith Satellite System Interface Specification - Centimetre Level Augmentation Service, Cabinet Office, November 5, 2018.

[37]

TS 38.215: "NR; Physical layer - Measurements".

[38]

TS 38.401: "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; NG-RAN; Architecture description".

[39]

TS 38.321: "NR; Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification".

[40]

TS 38.212: "NR; Multiplexing and channel coding".

[41]

TS 24.571: "Control plane Location Services (LCS) procedures".

[42]

TS 37.355: "Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)".

[43]

IRNSS Signal-In-Space (SPS) Interface Control Document (ICD) for standard positioning service version 1.1, August 2017.

[44]

BDS-SIS-ICD-B2a-1.0: "BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal In Space Interface Control Document Open Service Signal B2a (Version 1.0)", December, 2017.

[45]

BDS-SIS-ICD-B3I-1.0: "BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal In Space Interface Control Document Open Service Signal B3I (Version 1.0)", February, 2018.

[46]

TS 23.586: "Architectural Enhancements to support Ranging based services and Sidelink Positioning".

[47]

TS 38.355: "NR; Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP); Protocol specification".

[48]

TS 23.287: "Architecture enhancements for 5G System (5GS) to support Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) services".

[49]

TS 23.304: "Proximity based Services (ProSe) in the 5G System (5GS)".

[50]

TS 38.211: "NR; Physical channels and modulation".

[51]

Bluetooth Special Interest Group: "Bluetooth Core Specification v5.4", February 2023.

[52]

TS 38.300: "NR; NR and NR-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2".

[53]

TS 24.080: "Supplementary services specification; Formats and coding".

[54]

TS 24.514: "Ranging based services and sidelink positioning in 5G system (5GS); Stage 3".

[55]

TR 38.901: "Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz".

3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations p. 15

3.1 Definitions p. 15

For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in TR 21.905 and the following apply. A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in TR 21.905.

As used in this document, the suffixes "-based" and "-assisted" refer respectively to the node that is responsible for making the positioning calculation (and which may also provide measurements) and a node that provides measurements (but which does not make the positioning calculation). Thus, an operation in which measurements are provided by the UE to the LMF to be used in the computation of a position estimate is described as "UE-assisted" (and could also be called "LMF-based"), while one in which the UE computes its own position is described as "UE-based". For sidelink positioning, an operation in which measurements are provided by a SL Target UE to a server (SL Server UE or LMF) to be used in the computation of a position estimate is described as "SL Target UE-assisted" (and could also be called "server-based"), while one in which the SL Target UE computes its own position is described as "SL Target UE-based".

Alert Limit (AL):

The maximum allowable positioning error for the purpose of integrity. If the positioning error is beyond this limit, the integrity results of the calculated location may not meet the integrity requirement.

Mobile TRP:

a TRP belonging to a mobile IAB-node.

Positioning integrity:

A measure of the trust in the accuracy of the position-related data and the ability to provide associated alerts.

Pre-configured assistance data:

Refers to the DL-PRS assistance data (with associated validity criteria) that can be provided to the UE (before or during an ongoing LPP positioning session), to be then utilized for potential positioning measurements at a future time (e.g. for deferred MT-LR). Pre-configured DL-PRS assistance data may consist of multiple instances, where each instance is applicable to a different area within the network.

Protection Level (PL):

A statistical upper-bound of the Positioning Error (PE) that ensures that, the probability per unit of time of the true error being greater than the AL and the PL being less than or equal to the AL, for longer than the TTA, is less than the TIR, i.e., the PL satisfies the following inequality:

Prob per unit of time [((PE>AL) & (PL≤AL)) for longer than TTA] < TIR

When the PL bounds the positioning error in the horizontal plane or on the vertical axis then it is called Horizontal Protection Level (HPL) or Vertical Protection Level (VPL) respectively.

A specific equation for the PL is not specified as this is implementation-defined. For the PL to be considered valid, it must simply satisfy the inequality above.

PRS-only TP:

A TP which only transmits PRS, DL-PRS signals and is not associated with a cell.

PRS Processing Window (PPW):

The PRS Processing Window is configured by the network to a UE for NR DL-PRS measurements without measurement gap.

Ranging/SL Positioning Protocol (RSPP):

RSPP comprises SLPP messages defined in TS 38.355, Supplementary Services messages defined in TS 24.080, and Supplementary RSPP signalling messages defined in TS 24.514.

Ranging:

Refers to the determination of the distance between two UEs or more UEs and/or the direction of one UE from another UE via sidelink interface.

Reception Point (RP):

A set of geographically co-located receive antennas (e.g. antenna array (with one or more antenna elements)) for one cell, part of one cell or one UL-SRS-only RP. Reception Points can include base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antennas, remote radio heads, a remote antenna of a base station, an antenna of a UL-SRS-only RP, etc. One cell can include one or multiple reception points. For a homogeneous deployment, each reception point may correspond to one cell.

Relative Position:

An estimate of the UE position relative to other network elements or relative to other UEs.

Rx Time Delay:

From a signal reception perspective, there will be a time delay from the time when the RF signal arrives at the Rx antenna to the time when the signal is digitized and time-stamped at the baseband.

Rx Timing Error:

Result of Rx time delay involved in the reception of a signal before reporting measurements that are obtained from the signal. It is the uncalibrated Rx time delay, or the remaining delay after the UE/TRP internal calibration/compensation of the Rx time delay, involved in the reception of the DL-PRS/UL SRS signals. The calibration/compensation may also include the calibration/compensation of the relative time delay between different RF chains in the same UE/TRP and may also possibly consider the offset of the Rx antenna phase centre to the physical antenna centre.

Sidelink Positioning:

A functionality which determines geographical or relative location and possibly velocity using sidelink measurements.

SL Anchor UE:

A UE, supporting positioning of target UE, e.g. by transmitting and/or receiving reference signals for positioning, providing positioning-related information, etc. using Sidelink.

SL Server UE:

A UE offering position method determination, assistance data distribution and/or location calculation functionalities for sidelink positioning and ranging based services. It interacts with other UEs over PC5 as necessary in order to determine a ranging/SL position method, distribute assistance data and calculate the location of the target UE. A Target UE or SL Anchor UE can act as SL Server UE if any of the functionalities is supported.

SL Target UE:

A UE whose distance, direction and/or position is measured with the support from one or multiple SL Anchor UEs using sidelink.

SRS-only RP:

An RP which only receives UL-SRS signals and is not associated with a cell.

Transmission Point (TP):

A set of geographically co-located transmit antennas (e.g. antenna array (with one or more antenna elements)) for one cell, part of one cell or one DL-PRS-only TP. Transmission Points can include base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antennas, remote radio heads, a remote antenna of a base station, an antenna of a DL-PRS-only TP, etc. One cell can include one or multiple transmission points. For a homogeneous deployment, each transmission point may correspond to one cell.

Transmission-Reception Point (TRP):

A set of geographically co-located antennas (e.g. antenna array (with one or more antenna elements)) supporting TP and/or RP functionality.

TRP Rx 'Timing Error Group' (TRP Rx TEG):

Rx timing errors, associated with TRP reporting of one or more UL measurements, that are within a certain margin.

TRP RxTx 'Timing Error Group' (TRP RxTx TEG):

Rx timing errors and Tx timing errors, associated with TRP reporting of one or more gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurements, which have the 'Rx timing errors+Tx timing errors' differences within a certain margin.

TRP Tx 'Timing Error Troup' (TRP Tx TEG):

Tx timing errors, associated with TRP transmissions on one or more DL-PRS resources, that are within a certain margin.

Tx Time Delay:

From a signal transmission perspective, the time delay from the time when the digital signal is generated at baseband to the time when the RF signal is transmitted from the Tx antenna.

Tx Timing Error:

Result of Tx time delay involved in the transmission of a signal. It is the uncalibrated Tx time delay, or the remaining delay after the TRP/UE internal calibration/compensation of the Tx time delay, involved in the transmission of the DL-PRS/UL SRS signals. The calibration/compensation may also include the calibration/compensation of the relative time delay between different RF chains in the same TRP/UE and may also possibly consider the offset of the Tx antenna phase centre to the physical antenna centre.

U2N Relay UE:

A UE that provides functionality to support connectivity to the network for U2N Remote UE(s).

U2N Remote UE:

A UE that communicates with the network via a U2N Relay UE.

UE Rx 'Timing Error Group' (UE Rx TEG):

Rx timing errors, associated with UE reporting of one or more DL measurements (RSTD), that are within a certain margin.

UE RxTx 'Timing Error Group' (UE RxTx TEG):

Rx timing errors and Tx timing errors, associated with UE reporting of one or more UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements, which have the 'Rx timing errors+Tx timing errors' differences within a certain margin.

UE Tx 'Timing Error Group' (UE Tx TEG):

Tx timing errors, associated with UE transmissions on one or more UL SRS resources for positioning purpose, that are within a certain margin.

3.2 Abbreviations p. 17

For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in TR 21.905 and the following apply. An abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in TR 21.905.

5GC

5G Core Network

5GS

5G System

A-AoA

Azimuth-Angle of Arrival

ADR

Accumulated Delta Range

Alert Limit

AoA

Angle of Arrival

Access Point

APC

Antenna Phase Center

ARP

Antenna Reference Point

BDS

BeiDou Navigation Satellite System

BSSID

Basic Service Set Identifier

CID

Cell-ID (positioning method)

CLAS

Centimetre Level Augmentation Service

DL-AoD

Downlink Angle-of-Departure

DL-PRS

Downlink Positioning Reference Signal

DL-RSCP

Downlink Reference Signal Carrier Phase

DL-RSCPD

Downlink Reference Signal Carrier Phase Difference

DL-TDOA

Downlink Time Difference Of Arrival

DNU

Do Not Use

DRX

Discontinuous Reception

E-SMLC

Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Centre

E-CID

Enhanced Cell-ID (positioning method)

ECEF

Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed

ECI

Earth-Centered-Inertial

eDRX

Extended Discontinuous Reception

EGNOS

European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service

E-UTRAN

Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network

FDMA

Frequency Division Multiple Access

FKP

Flächenkorrekturparameter (Engl: Area Correction Parameters)

GAGAN

GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation

GCS

Global Coordinate System (as defined in TR 38.901)

GLONASS

GLObal'naya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (Engl.: Global Navigation Satellite System)

GMLC

Gateway Mobile Location Centre

GNSS

Global Navigation Satellite System

GPS

Global Positioning System

GRS80

Geodetic Reference System 1980

HESSID

Homogeneous Extended Service Set Identifier

IOD

Issue of Data

LCS

LoCation Services

LCS

Local Coordinate System (as defined in TR 38.901)

LMF

Location Management Function

LPP

LTE Positioning Protocol

MAC

Master Auxiliary Concept

MBS

Metropolitan Beacon System

MO-LR

Mobile Originated Location Request

MT-LR

Mobile Terminated Location Request

Multi-RTT

Multi-Round Trip Time

NavIC

NAVigation with Indian Constellation

NG-C

NG Control plane

NG-AP

NG Application Protocol

NI-LR

Network Induced Location Request

N-RTK

Network - Real-Time Kinematic

NRPPa

NR Positioning Protocol A

NTN

Non-Terrestrial Network

OTDOA

Observed Time Difference Of Arrival

PCO

Phase Center Offset

PCV

Phase Center Variation

PDU

Protocol Data Unit

posSI

Positioning System Information

posSIB

Positioning SIB

PPP

Precise Point Positioning

PPP-RTK

Precise Point Positioning - Real-Time Kinematic

PRS

Positioning Reference Signal (for E-UTRA)

PRU

Positioning Reference Unit

QZSS

Quasi-Zenith Satellite System

Reception Point

RRM

Radio Resource Management

RSPP

Ranging/SL Positioning Protocol

RSRP

Reference Signal Received Power

RSRPP

Reference Signal Received Path Power

RSRQ

Reference Signal Received Quality

RSSI

Received Signal Strength Indicator

RSTD

Reference Signal Time Difference

RTD

Relative Time Difference

RTK

Real-Time Kinematic

SBAS

Space Based Augmentation System

SDT

Small Data Transmission

SET

SUPL Enabled Terminal

SIB

System Information Block

Sidelink

SL-PRS

Sidelink Positioning Reference Signal

SL-PRS-RSRP

Sidelink PRS Reference Signal Received Power

SL-PRS-RSRPP

Sidelink PRS Reference Signal Received Path Power

SL-RSTD

Sidelink Reference Signal Time Difference

SL-RTOA

Sidelink Relative Time of Arrival

SLP

SUPL Location Platform

SLPP

Sidelink Positioning Protocol

Semi-Persistent

SRS

Sounding Reference Signal

SSB

Synchronization Signal Block

SSID

Service Set Identifier

SSR

State Space Representation

STEC

Slant TEC

SUPL

Secure User Plane Location

TADV

Timing Advance

TBS

Terrestrial Beacon System

TEC

Total Electron Content

TEG

Timing Error Group

Transmission Point

TRP

Transmission-Reception Point

TTA

Time To Alert

TxTEG

Tx Timing Error Group

User Equipment

UL-AoA

Uplink Angle of Arrival

UL-RSCP

Uplink Reference Signal Carrier Phase

UL-RTOA

Uplink Relative Time of Arrival

UL-SRS

Uplink Sounding Reference Signal

UL-TDOA

Uplink Time Difference of Arrival

URA

User Range Accuracy

WAAS

Wide Area Augmentation System

WGS-84

World Geodetic System 1984

WLAN

Wireless Local Area Network

Z-AoA

Zenith Angles of Arrival