RFC 5324
MIB for Fibre-Channel Security Protocols (FC-SP)
Pages: 216
Proposed Standard
Proposed Standard
Part 1 of 7 – Pages 1 to 19
Network Working Group C. DeSanti Request for Comments: 5324 F. Maino Category: Standards Track K. McCloghrie Cisco Systems September 2008 MIB for Fibre-Channel Security Protocols (FC-SP) Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.Abstract
This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in the Internet community. In particular, it describes managed objects for information related to FC-SP, the Security Protocols defined for Fibre Channel.Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................3 2. The Internet-Standard Management Framework ......................3 3. Overview of Fibre Channel .......................................3 3.1. Introduction ...............................................3 3.2. Zoning .....................................................4 3.3. Virtual Fabrics ............................................5 3.4. Security ...................................................5 3.4.1. Authentication ......................................5 3.4.2. Security Associations ...............................6 3.4.3. Fabric Security Policies ............................7 3.4.4. Policy Model ........................................8 3.4.5. Policy Objects ......................................9 3.4.5.1. Policy Object Names .......................10 3.4.6. Three Kinds of Switches ............................10 3.4.7. Security Policy Management .........................11 3.4.8. FC-SP Zoning .......................................11 4. Document Overview ..............................................12 4.1. Fibre Channel Management Instance .........................12 4.2. Entity Name ...............................................12 4.3. Fabric Index ..............................................13 4.4. Interface Index ...........................................13 4.5. Syntax for Policy Object Names ............................14
4.6. Certificates, CAs, and CRLs ...............................14
4.7. Traffic Selectors .........................................15
4.8. The MIB Modules ...........................................16
4.8.1. The T11-FC-SP-TC-MIB Module ........................16
4.8.2. The T11-FC-SP-AUTHENTICATION-MIB Module ............16
4.8.3. The T11-FC-SP-ZONING-MIB Module ....................16
4.8.4. The T11-FC-SP-POLICY-MIB Module ....................17
4.8.5. The T11-FC-SP-SA-MIB Module ........................17
4.9. Rate Control for Notifications ............................18
5. Relationship to Other MIB Modules ..............................19
6. MIB Module Definitions .........................................20
6.1. The T11-FC-SP-TC-MIB Module ...............................20
6.2. The T11-FC-SP-AUTHENTICATION-MIB Module ...................33
6.3. The T11-FC-SP-ZONING-MIB Module ...........................52
6.4. The T11-FC-SP-POLICY-MIB Module ...........................64
6.5. The T11-FC-SP-SA-MIB Module ..............................152
7. IANA Considerations ...........................................204
8. Security Considerations .......................................204
8.1. Information Not Defined in This Document .................204
8.2. The T11-FC-SP-TC-MIB Module ..............................204
8.3. The T11-FC-SP-AUTHENTICATION-MIB Module ..................205
8.4. The T11-FC-SP-ZONING-MIB Module ..........................206
8.5. The T11-FC-SP-POLICY-MIB Module ..........................207
8.6. The T11-FC-SP-SA-MIB Module ..............................209
8.7. Recommendations Common to All MIB Modules ................211
9. Normative References ..........................................212
10. Informative References .......................................213
11. Acknowledgements .............................................215
1. Introduction
This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in the Internet community. In particular, it describes managed objects for information concerning the Fibre Channel Security Protocols (FC-SP), as specified in [FC-SP]. The FC-SP standard includes the definition of protocols to authenticate Fibre Channel entities, protocols to set up session keys, protocols to negotiate the parameters required to ensure frame- by-frame integrity and confidentiality, and protocols to establish and distribute policies across a Fibre Channel Fabric. This memo was initially developed by the INCITS T11 committee (http://www.t11.org), which subsequently approved it for forwarding to the IETF. This memo uses one of the following terms: The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119 [RFC2119].2. The Internet-Standard Management Framework
For a detailed overview of the documents that describe the current Internet-Standard Management Framework, please refer to section 7 of RFC 3410 [RFC3410]. Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed the Management Information Base, or MIB. MIB objects are generally accessed through the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Objects in the MIB are defined using the mechanisms defined in the Structure of Management Information (SMI). This memo specifies a MIB module that is compliant to the SMIv2, which is described in STD 58, RFC 2578 [RFC2578], STD 58, RFC 2579 [RFC2579], and STD 58, RFC 2580 [RFC2580].3. Overview of Fibre Channel
3.1. Introduction
Fibre Channel (FC) is logically a bidirectional point-to-point serial data channel, structured for high performance. Fibre Channel provides a general transport vehicle for higher-level protocols such as Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) command sets, the High- Performance Parallel Interface (HIPPI) data framing, IP (Internet Protocol), IEEE 802.2, and others.
Physically, Fibre Channel is an interconnection of multiple communication points, called N_Ports, interconnected either by a switching network, called a Fabric, or by a point-to-point link. A Fibre Channel "Node" consists of one or more N_Ports. A Fabric may consist of multiple Interconnect Elements, some of which are Switches. An N_Port connects to the Fabric via a port on a Switch called an F_Port. When multiple FC Nodes are connected to a single port on a Switch via an "Arbitrated Loop" topology, the Switch port is called an FL_Port, and the Nodes' ports are called NL_Ports. The term Nx_Port is used to refer to either an N_Port or an NL_Port. The term Fx_Port is used to refer to either an F_Port or an FL_Port. A Switch port, which is interconnected to another Switch port via an Inter-Switch Link (ISL), is called an E_Port. A B_Port connects a bridge device with an E_Port on a Switch; a B_Port provides a subset of E_Port functionality. Many Fibre Channel components, including the Fabric, each Node, and most ports, have globally unique names. These globally unique names are typically formatted as World Wide Names (WWNs). More information on WWNs can be found in [FC-FS-2]. WWNs are expected to be persistent across agent and unit resets. Fibre Channel frames contain 24-bit address identifiers that identify the frame's source and destination ports. Each FC port has both an address identifier and a WWN. When a Fabric is in use, the FC address identifiers are dynamic and are assigned by a Switch. Each octet of a 24-bit address represents a level in an address hierarchy, with a Domain_ID being the highest level of the hierarchy.3.2. Zoning
Zones within a Fabric provide a mechanism to control frame delivery between Nx_Ports ("Hard Zoning") or to expose selected views of Name Server information ("Soft Zoning"). Communication is only possible when the communicating endpoints are members of a common zone. This technique is similar to virtual private networks in that the Fabric has the ability to group devices into Zones. Hard zoning and soft zoning are two different means of realizing this. Hard zoning is enforced in the Fabric (i.e., Switches), whereas soft zoning is enforced at the endpoints (e.g., Host Bus Adapters) by relying on the endpoints to not send traffic to an N_Port_ID not obtained from the Name Server with a few exceptions for well known Addresses (e.g., the Name Server).
Administrators create Zones to increase network security, and prevent data loss or corruption, by controlling access between devices or user groups.3.3. Virtual Fabrics
The standard for an interconnecting Fabric containing multiple Fabric Switch elements is [FC-SW-4]. [FC-SW-4] carries forward the earlier specification for the operation of a single Fabric in a physical infrastructure, and augments it with the definition of Virtual Fabrics and with the specification of how multiple Virtual Fabrics can operate within one or more physical infrastructures. The use of Virtual Fabrics provides for each frame to be tagged in its header to indicate which one of several Virtual Fabrics that frame is being transmitted on. All frames entering a particular "Core Switch" [FC-SW-4] (i.e., a physical Switch) on the same Virtual Fabric are processed by the same "Virtual Switch" within that Core Switch.3.4. Security
The Fibre Channel Security Protocols (FC-SP) standard [FC-SP] describes the protocols used to implement security in a Fibre Channel Fabric, including the definition of: - protocols to authenticate Fibre Channel entities, - protocols to set up session keys, - protocols to negotiate the parameters required to ensure frame- by-frame integrity and confidentiality, and - protocols to establish and distribute (security) policies across a Fibre Channel Fabric.3.4.1. Authentication
Two entities may negotiate whether authentication is required and which Authentication Protocol is to be used. Authentication can be used in Switch-to-Switch, Node-to-Switch, and Node-to-Node communication. The defined Authentication Protocols are able to perform mutual authentication with optional shared key establishment. The shared key computed at the end of an Authentication Transaction may be used to establish Security Associations.
The Fabric security architecture is defined for several authentication infrastructures. Secret-based, certificate-based, and password-based authentication infrastructures are accommodated. Specific authentication protocols that directly leverage these three authentication infrastructures are defined. With a secret-based infrastructure, entities within the Fabric environment that establish a security relationship share a common secret or centralize the secret administration in an external (e.g., RADIUS [RFC2865], Diameter [RFC3588], or Terminal Access Controller Access Control System (TACACS) [RFC1492]) server. Entities may mutually authenticate with other entities by using the Diffie-Hellman Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (DH-CHAP) [FC-SP]. Security Associations may be set up using the session key computed at the end of the DH-CHAP transaction. With a certificate-based infrastructure, entities within the Fabric environment are certified by a trusted Certificate Authority (CA). The resulting certificates bind each entity to a public-private key pair that may be used to mutually authenticate with other certified entities via the Fibre Channel Certificate Authentication Protocol (FCAP) [FC-SP]. Security Associations may be set up by using these entity certificates and associated keys or by using the session key computed at the end of the FCAP transaction. With a password-based infrastructure, entities within the Fabric environment that establish a security relationship have knowledge of the password-based credential material of other entities. Entities may use this credential material to mutually authenticate with other entities using the Fibre Channel Password Authentication Protocol (FCPAP) [FC-SP]. Security Associations may be set up using the session key computed at the end of the FCPAP transaction. In addition to DH-CHAP, FCAP, and FCPAP, one other Authentication Protocol is defined: Internet Key Exchange Protocol version 2-AUTH (IKEv2-AUTH), which refers to the use of an SA Management Transaction of the Security Association Management Protocol (see below) to perform two functions: not only SA management but also authentication. The credentials used in an IKEv2-AUTH transaction are either strong shared secrets or certificates.3.4.2. Security Associations
A subset of the IKEv2 protocol [RFC4306] suitable for Fibre Channel is defined as the (Fibre Channel) Security Association Management protocol [RFC4595]. This protocol -- which is *not* IPsec -- provides the means to establish Security Associations (SAs) between Fibre Channel entities. Traffic Selectors are defined to specify
which type of traffic has to be protected by which SA, and what the
characteristics of the protection are. Two mechanisms are available
to protect specific classes of traffic:
- ESP_Header is used to protect FC-2 frames (see [FC-FS-2] and the
conceptually similar mechanisms in [RFC4303]), and
- CT_Authentication is used to protect CT_IUs (Common Transport
Information Units) [FC-GS-5].
An entity protecting specific classes of traffic maintains an
internal Security Association Database (SADB) that contains the
currently active Security Associations and Traffic Selectors.
Each active SA has a Security Association entry in the SADB. Each SA
entry includes the SA's SPI (the Security Parameters Index, which is
included in frames transmitted on the SA), a Sequence Number counter,
and the parameters for the selected transforms (e.g., encryption
algorithm, integrity algorithm, mode of operation of the algorithms,
keys).
Each active Traffic Selector has an entry in the SADB that indicates
whether it is used for ingress traffic or for egress traffic. These
Traffic Selector entries are ordered such that they are searched
(when checking for a match) in the given order. Two types of Traffic
Selector entries may be present:
- Traffic Selector entries identifying FC-2 frames or CT_IUs to be
bypassed or discarded; and
- Traffic Selector entries identifying FC-2 frames or CT_IUs to be
protected or verified. These entries point to the corresponding
SA entry defining the parameters and the security processing to
be performed.
SAs are unidirectional, but they always exist as an SA pair of the
same type, one in each direction.
3.4.3. Fabric Security Policies
Two separate approaches to defining Policies are adopted in FC-SP,
but both approaches follow the same general concept for their Policy
model. One is the definition of a Policy Model for Fabric Policies
that focus on Security. These Security Policies specify the
membership and connectivity allowed within a Fabric, and also which
IP hosts are allowed to manage a Fabric.
The other approach is to define a variant of the Enhanced Zoning model defined in [FC-SW-4] and [FC-GS-5], such that the variant specifies extensions for use in a secure environment. This variant of Zoning, denoted as "FC-SP Zoning", follows the same general concepts of the Policy model for Security Policies, but keeps Zoning management and enforcement completely independent from the management and enforcement of other policies.3.4.4. Policy Model
Figure 25 of [FC-SP] depicts FC-SP's policy management model like this: ***** ************************ * * * Policy * ********************* * M * Add, * Configuration * * Policy * * A * Get, * Entity * * Enforcement * * N * Remove * * * Entity * * A * Policy * +----------------+ * * * * G * Objects * | Non-Active | * * +-------------+ * * I *<-------->* | Policy Objects |==*====*=>| Active | * * N * * +----------------+ * * | Policy | * * G * ************************ * | Objects | * * * * +-------------+ * * * Activate Policy Summary * * * E *=====================================>* +-------------+ * * N * Deactivate Policy Summary * | Policy | * * T *=====================================>* | Summary | * * I * * | Object | * * T * Get Policy Summary * +-------------+ * * Y *<-------------------------------------* * * * Get Policy Objects * * * *<-------------------------------------* * ***** ********************* Note that the arrows in the picture above are used to indicate the movement of "data", rather than the direction of "messages", e.g., for a "Get" (with no data) in one direction which invokes a "Response" (typically with data) in the reverse direction, the diagram has arrows only for the "with data" direction.
3.4.5. Policy Objects
The Policies to be enforced by a Fabric are specified in a set of Policy Objects. The various types of Policy Objects are: - The Policy Summary Object is a list of pointers to other Policy Objects, one pointer per each other active Policy Object. Each pointer in a Policy Summary Object is paired with a cryptographic hash of the referenced Policy Object. - The Switch Membership List Object is a Fabric-wide Policy Object that defines which Switches are allowed to be part of a Fabric. - The Node Membership List Object is a Fabric-wide Policy Object that defines which Nodes are allowed to be connected to a Fabric. - The IP Management List Object is a Fabric-wide Policy Object that describes which IP hosts are allowed to manage a Fabric. - A Switch Connectivity Object is a per-Switch Policy Object that describes the topology restrictions for a specific Switch; it specifies the other Switches or Nodes to which the particular Switch may be connected at the Node level and/or at the Port level. - Attribute Objects are Fabric-wide Policy Objects that define optional attributes to be associated with Switches or Nodes. They allow the extension of this policy model by defining new attributes as required. Note that the administratively specified name for a Fabric is contained in the Switch Membership List Object (not in the Policy Summary Object). When FC-SP is in use, each Fabric has a set of active Policy Objects: - one Policy Summary Object, - one Switch Membership List Object, - one Node Membership List Object, - one IP Management List Object, - zero or more Switch Connectivity Objects, and - zero or more Attribute Objects.
The active Policy Objects specify the Policies currently being enforced. In addition, policies not currently being enforced are contained in non-active Policy Objects. To change the active Policy Objects, the non-active Policy Objects are edited as necessary and a new Policy Summary Object that includes/references the changed Policy Objects is activated.3.4.5.1. Policy Object Names
Every Policy Object has a name. In a Fabric's database of Policy Objects, a Policy Object Name is specified as a type/length/value (see section 7.2 of [FC-SP]). The possible types are: - Node_Name - Restricted Node_Name - Port_Name - Restricted Port_Name - Wildcard - Negated Wildcard - Alphanumeric Name - IPv6 Address Range - IPv4 Address Range3.4.6. Three Kinds of Switches
For a Fabric composed of n Switches and m Nodes, the potential complexity of Switch Connectivity Objects is O(n**2) to describe Switch to Switch connections, and O(n*m) for Switch to Node connections. To provide better scaling, the Switch Connectivity Objects are not Fabric-wide information, but are distributed only to where they are needed. To support this, the policy model supports three kinds of Switches in a Fabric: - Server Switches, which maintain the Fabric-wide Policy Objects, all the Switch Connectivity Objects, and a full copy of the FC- SP Zoning Database; - Autonomous Switches, which maintain the Fabric-wide Policy Objects, their own Switch Connectivity Object, and a full copy of the FC-SP Zoning Database; and
- Client Switches, which maintain the Fabric-wide Policy Objects,
their own Switch Connectivity Object, and a subset of the FC-SP
Active Zone Set (which is the configurations of zones currently
being enforced by a Fabric, see section 10.4.3.3 of [FC-SW-4]).
3.4.7. Security Policy Management
Security Policy can be changed in a server session [FC-GS-5] with a
Security Policy Server. All write access to a Security Policy Server
occurs within a server session. While read access to a Security
Policy Server may occur at any time, the consistency of the returned
data is guaranteed only inside a server session.
The Enhanced Commit Service [FC-SW-4] is used to perform Fabric
operations as and when necessary (see table 144 of [FC-SP]). Many of
these operations are named as if they were acronyms, e.g., SSB for
Server Session Begin; SSE for Server Session End; SW_ILS for Switch
Fabric Internal Link Services; EACA for Enhanced Acquire Change
Authorization; ERCA for Enhanced Release Change Authorization; SFC
for Stage Fabric Configuration.
Each server session begins and ends, with a SSB request and a SSE
request respectively, sent to a Security Policy Server. In the
Fabric, the SSB requests a lock of the Fabric via an EACA SW_ILS,
while the SSE requests a release of the lock via the ERCA SW_ILS
[FC-SW-4]. Active and non-active Policy Objects are persistent in
that they survive after the end of a server session.
3.4.8. FC-SP Zoning
To preserve backward compatibility with existing Zoning definitions
and implementations, FC-SP Zoning is defined as a variant of the
Enhanced Zoning model defined in [FC-SW-4] and [FC-GS-5] that follows
the general concepts of the Policy model for Security Policy
Management, but keeps Zoning management and enforcement completely
independent.
FC-SP Zoning allows for some Switches to retain less than a complete
replicated copy of the Zoning Database, as follows:
- Server Switches maintain the policies data structures for all
Switches in the Fabric plus a replica of the Zoning data
structures;
- Autonomous Switches maintain only the subset of policies data
structures relevant for their operations plus a replica of the
Zoning Database; and
- Client Switches maintain only the subset of policies data
structures and the subset of the Active Zone Set relevant for
their operations.
When Client Switches are deployed in a Fabric, at least one Server
Switch must also be deployed in the same Fabric. A client-server
protocol allows Client Switches to dynamically retrieve the Zoning
information they may require from the Server Switches.
A management application manages the Fabric Zoning configuration
through the Fabric Zone Server, while other policies are managed
through the Security Policy Server. A new Zoning Check Protocol
replaces the Zone Merge Protocol [FC-SW-4], and new command codes are
defined for the SFC SW_ILS to distribute the FC-SP Zoning
configuration on a Fabric. The Zoning definitions are ordered to
allow for the computation of a hash of the Active Zone Set and a hash
of the Zone Set Database, plus other optional security data (e.g.,
for integrity protection of Zoning information).
4. Document Overview
This document defines five MIB modules that together provide the
means for monitoring the operation of, and configuring some
parameters of, one or more instances of the FC-SP protocols.
4.1. Fibre Channel Management Instance
A Fibre Channel management instance is defined in [RFC4044] as a
separable managed instance of Fibre Channel functionality. Fibre
Channel functionality may be grouped into Fibre Channel management
instances in whatever way is most convenient for the
implementation(s). For example, one such grouping accommodates a
single SNMP agent having multiple AgentX [RFC2741] sub-agents, with
each sub-agent implementing a different Fibre Channel management
instance.
The object, fcmInstanceIndex, is IMPORTed from the FC-MGMT-MIB
[RFC4044] as the index value to uniquely identify each Fibre Channel
management instance, for example, within the same SNMP context
([RFC3411] section 3.3.1).
4.2. Entity Name
A central capability of FC-SP is the use of an Authentication
Protocol. The purpose of each of the possible Authentication
Protocols is to allow a Fibre Channel entity to be assured of the
identity of each entity with which it is communicating. Examples of
such entities are Fibre Channel Switches and Fibre Channel Nx_Ports.
Each entity is identified by a name. The FC-MGMT-MIB [RFC4044] defines MIB objects for such names: - for entities that are Fibre Channel Switches, the definition of a Fibre Channel management instance allows multiple Switches to be managed by the same Fibre Channel management instance. In this case, each entity is a Switch and has the name given by the MIB object, fcmSwitchWWN. - for entities other than Fibre Channel Switches, a Fibre Channel management instance can manage only one entity, and the name of the entity is given by the MIB object, fcmInstanceWwn.4.3. Fabric Index
With multiple Fabrics, each Fabric has its own instances of the Fabric-related management instrumentation. Thus, these MIB modules define all Fabric-related information in tables that are INDEX-ed by an arbitrary integer, named a "Fabric Index". The syntax of a Fabric Index is T11FabricIndex, imported from T11-TC-MIB [RFC4439]. When a device is connected to a single physical Fabric, without use of any virtual Fabrics, the value of this Fabric Index will always be 1. In an environment of multiple virtual and/or physical Fabrics, this index provides a means to distinguish one Fabric from another.4.4. Interface Index
Several of the MIB modules defined in this document use the InterfaceIndexOrZero syntax in order to allow information to be specified/instantiated on a per-port/interface basis, e.g., for: statistics, Traffic Selectors, Security Associations, etc. This allows the same object to be used either when there is a separate row for each of multiple ports/interfaces, or when multiple interfaces are represented by a single row. The use of a zero value supports the simpler cases of: a) when there is only one port/interface, b) where the implementation chooses to aggregate the information for multiple ports/interfaces. The minimum (for compliance) requirement is to implement any one of the above cases. When a Fabric Index and an object with the InterfaceIndexOrZero syntax are used together in a single INDEX clause, the InterfaceIndexOrZero object is listed before the Fabric Index in order to simplify management queries that retrieve information concerning multiple Fabrics connected to the same port/interface.
4.5. Syntax for Policy Object Names
T11FcSpPolicyNameType and T11FcSpPolicyName are two Textual Conventions defined in this document (in the T11-FC-SP-TC-MIB module) to represent the types and values of Policy Object Names (see section 3.4.5.1 above). However, two of the nine possible types are IPv4 Address Range and IPv6 Address Range. It is standard practice in MIB modules to represent all IP addresses using the standard Textual Conventions defined in [RFC4001] for IP addresses: specifically, InetAddressType and InetAddress. This document adheres to such standard practice to the following extent: - for MIB objects representing a Policy Object Name that can *only* be an IPv4 Address Range or an IPv6 Address Range, then those MIB objects are defined as a 3-tuple: (InetAddressType, InetAddress, InetAddress), in which the first address is the low end of the range, the second address is the high end of the range, and both addresses are of the type given by InetAddressType. - for MIB objects representing a Policy Object Name that is (possibly) of a different type, i.e., it is not (necessarily) an IPv4 or IPv6 Address Range, then those MIB objects are defined as a 2-tuple: (T11FcSpPolicyNameType, T11FcSpPolicyName), in which the first object represents the type of Policy Object Name and the second object represents the value of the Policy Object Name. For MIB objects defined in this manner, if and when they represent a range of IP addresses: a) the value of T11FcSpPolicyNameType differentiates between an IPv4 Address Range and an IPv6 Address Range; and b) the value of T11FcSpPolicyName is one string containing the concatenation of the two addresses that are the low and high addresses of the range. This is the same format as used within FC-SP Policy Objects [FC-SP].4.6. Certificates, CAs, and CRLs
In order to authenticate with the FCAP protocol, each entity, identified by a unique Name, is provided with: a digital certificate associated with that Name, the private/public key pair that corresponds to the certificate, and with the Root Certificate (the certificate of the signing Certification Authority). To authenticate another entity, an entity is required to be provided with the certificate of the associated Certification Authority. FCAP requires entities to support at least four Root Certificates against which received corresponding certificates can be validated. Support for certificate chains and verification of certificate chains
containing more than one certificate is optional. Entities need to be able to access a Certificate Revocation List (CRL) for each configured Root Certificate, if one is available from the CA. Certificates on the CRL are considered invalid. The management of certificates, Certification Authorities, and Certificate Revocation Lists is the same in Fibre Channel networks as it is in other networks. Therefore, this document does not define any MIB objects for such management.4.7. Traffic Selectors
When Traffic Selectors are compared against an ingress or egress frame in order to determine the security processing to be applied to that frame, there are circumstances in which multiple Traffic Selectors, specifying different actions, can match with the frame. Specifically, when matching against an egress frame to decide which active Security Association to transmit on, or, against an ingress frame unprotected by FC-SP, i.e., without an SPI value in it, to decide which action ('drop' or 'bypass') to apply. For these cases, the MIB includes a unique precedence value for each Traffic Selector such that the one with the numerically lowest precedence value is determined to be the one that matches. In contrast, ingress frames on active Security Associations (i.e., protected by FC-SP) are compared against the set of traffic selectors negotiated when the Security Association was set up and identified by the SPI value contained in the frame; the action taken depends on whether any Traffic Selector matches, but not on which one. This difference between ingress and egress Traffic Selectors on active Security Associations is reflected in having separate MIB tables defined for them: the table for Traffic Selectors on egress SAs, t11FcSpSaTSelNegOutTable, has a precedence value in its INDEX clause; whereas the table for Traffic Selectors on ingress SAs, t11FcSpSaTSelNegInTable, has an arbitrary integer value in its INDEX clause. For 'drop' and 'bypass' Traffic Selectors, one table, t11FcSpSaTSelDrByTable, having a precedence value in its INDEX clause, is sufficient for both ingress and egress traffic.
4.8. The MIB Modules
4.8.1. The T11-FC-SP-TC-MIB Module
This MIB module defines Textual Conventions that are being, or have the potential to be, used in more than one MIB module. The module also defines Object Identifiers to identify the Cryptographic Algorithms listed in [FC-SP] so that they can be used as the value of various MIB objects that specify the algorithms being/to be used by an FC-SP implementation.4.8.2. The T11-FC-SP-AUTHENTICATION-MIB Module
This MIB module specifies the management information required to manage FC-SP Authentication Protocols. It defines three tables: - t11FcSpAuEntityTable -- a table of Fibre Channel entities that can be authenticated using FC-SP's Authentication Protocols, including the names, capabilities, and basic configuration parameters of the entities. - t11FcSpAuIfStatTable -- this table has two purposes: to be a list of the mappings of a FC-SP Authentication entity onto an interface and to contain Authentication Protocol per-interface statistics. - t11FcSpAuRejectTable -- a table of FC-SP Authentication Protocol transactions that were recently rejected. It also defines two notifications: one for sending a reject in response to an AUTH message and another for receiving a reject in response to an AUTH message.4.8.3. The T11-FC-SP-ZONING-MIB Module
This MIB module specifies the extensions to the T11-FC-ZONE-SERVER- MIB module [RFC4936] for the management of FC-SP Zoning Servers. Specifically, it augments three tables defined in T11-FC-ZONE-SERVER- MIB: - t11FcSpZsServerTable -- to this table, it adds FC-SP Zoning information defined for Zone Servers. - t11ZsStatsTable -- to this table, it adds FC-SP Zoning statistics for Zone Servers. - t11ZsNotifyControlTable -- to this table, it adds control information for FC-SP Zoning notifications.
It also defines two FC-SP Zoning notifications: one for success and one for failure in the joining of two Fabrics.4.8.4. The T11-FC-SP-POLICY-MIB Module
This MIB module specifies management information that is used to manage FC-SP policies. The MIB module has five parts: - Active Policy Objects - read-only MIB objects representing the set of active Policy Objects for each Fabric; - Activate/Deactivate Operations - read-write MIB objects for invoking operations, either 1) to activate policies that are specified as a set of non-active Policy Objects, or 2) to deactivate the currently active policies; also included are objects giving the status of invoked operations; - Non-Active Policy Objects - read-create MIB objects to create and modify non-active Policy Objects; - Statistics for FC-SP Security Policy Servers; - The definition and control of notifications for the success or failure of the activation or deactivation of FC-SP policies.4.8.5. The T11-FC-SP-SA-MIB Module
This MIB module specifies the management information required to manage Security Associations established via FC-SP. All of the tables in this MIB module are INDEX-ed by t11FcSpSaIfIndex, with syntax InterfaceIndexOrZero, which is either non-zero for a specific interface or zero for all (of the management instance's) interfaces to the particular Fabric. The MIB module consists of six parts: - a per-Fabric table, t11FcSpSaIfTable, of capabilities, parameters, status information, and counters; the counters include non-transient aggregates of per-SA transient counters; - three tables, t11FcSpSaPropTable, t11FcSpSaTSelPropTable, and t11FcSpSaTransTable, specifying the proposals for an FC-SP entity acting as an SA_Initiator to present to the SA_Responder during the negotiation of Security Associations. The same information is also used by an FC-SP entity acting as an SA_Responder to decide what to accept during the negotiation of
Security Associations. One of these tables,
t11FcSpSaTransTable, is used not only for information about
security transforms to propose and to accept, but also as agreed
upon during the negotiation of Security Associations;
- a table, t11FcSpSaTSelDrByTable, of Traffic Selectors having the
security action of 'drop' or 'bypass' to be applied either to
ingress traffic, which is unprotected by FC-SP, or to all egress
traffic;
- four tables, t11FcSpSaPairTable, t11FcSpSaTSelNegInTable,
t11FcSpSaTSelNegOutTable, and t11FcSpSaTSelSpiTable, containing
information about active bidirectional pairs of Security
Associations; in particular, t11FcSpSaPairTable has one row per
active bidirectional SA pair, t11FcSpSaTSelNegInTable and
t11FcSpSaTSelNegOutTable contain information on the Traffic
Selectors negotiated on the SAs, and the t11FcSpSaTSelSpiTable
is an alternate lookup table such that the Traffic Selector(s)
in use on a particular Security Association can be quickly
determined based on its (ingress) SPI value;
- a table, t11FcSpSaControlTable, of control and other information
concerning the generation of notifications for events related to
FC-SP Security Associations;
- one notification, t11FcSpSaNotifyAuthFailure, generated on the
occurrence of an Authentication failure for a received FC-2 or
CT_IU frame.
4.9. Rate Control for Notifications
All but one of the notifications defined in the five MIB modules in
this document are notifications that are generated based on events
occurring in the "control plane", e.g., notifications that are
generated at the frequency of operator-initiated activities. The one
exception is t11FcSpSaNotifyAuthFailure, which is generated based on
an event occurring in the "data plane", and could (in a worst case
scenario) occur for every received ingress frame. Therefore, a
method of rate controlling the generation of notifications is needed
for t11FcSpSaNotifyAuthFailure, but not for any of the other
notifications.
For t11FcSpSaNotifyAuthFailure, rate control is achieved by
specifying that a) after the first occurrence of an Authentication
failure on any particular Security Association, the SNMP
notifications for second and subsequent failures are suppressed for
the duration of a time window and b) that even the notification for
the first occurrence is suppressed after it is sent in the same time
window for a configured (in t11FcSpSaControlMaxNotifs) number of Security Associations within a Fabric. Note that while these suppressions prevent the network from being flooded with notifications, the Authentication Failures themselves must still be detected and counted. The length of the time window is given by t11FcSpSaControlWindow, a read-write object in the t11FcSpSaControlTable. If and when the time since the last generation of the notification is less than the value of sysUpTime (e.g., if one or more notifications have occurred since the last re-initialization of the management system), then t11FcSpSaControlElapsed and t11FcSpSaControlSuppressed contain the elapsed time since the last notification and the number of notifications suppressed in the window after sending the last one, respectively. Otherwise, t11FcSpSaControlElapsed contains the value of sysUpTime and t11FcSpSaControlSuppressed has the value zero.5. Relationship to Other MIB Modules
The first standardized MIB module for Fibre Channel [RFC2837] was focused on Fibre Channel Switches. It was obsoleted by the more generic Fibre Channel Management MIB [RFC4044], which defines basic information for Fibre Channel Nodes and Switches, including extensions to the standard IF-MIB [RFC2863] for Fibre Channel interfaces. Several other MIB modules have since been defined to extend [RFC4044] for various specific Fibre Channel functionality, (e.g., [RFC4438], [RFC4439], [RFC4625], [RFC4626], [RFC4747], [RFC4936], [RFC4935], and [RFC4983]). The MIB modules defined in this memo further extend [RFC4044] to cover the operation of Fibre Channel Security Protocols, as specified in [FC-SP]. One part of the FC-SP specification is "FC-SP Zoning", which is an extension/variant of the Fibre Channel Zoning defined in [FC-GS-5]. Management information for the latter is defined in the T11-FC-ZONE- SERVER-MIB module [RFC4936]. Consequently, the T11-FC-SP-ZONING-MIB module defined in this document defines the extensions to the T11-FC- ZONE-SERVER-MIB module that are needed to manage FC-SP Zoning. The MIB modules in this memo import some common Textual Conventions from T11-TC-MIB, defined in [RFC4439], and from INET-ADDRESS-MIB, defined in [RFC4001]. If the RADIUS protocol is used for access to an external server, information about RADIUS Servers is likely to be available from the RADIUS-AUTH-CLIENT-MIB [RFC4668].
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