DNR:

Domain Name Registry or Domain Name Registrar

LDH:

letters, digits, hyphen

member:

data found within an object as defined by JSON [RFC 8259]

object:

a data structure as defined by JSON [RFC 8259]

object class:

the definition of members that may be found in JSON objects described in this document

object instance:

an instantiation or specific instance of an object class

RDAP:

Registration Data Access Protocol

RIR:

Regional Internet Registry

1. simple data types conveyed in JSON primitive types (strings, numbers, booleans, and null)
2. data structures specified as JSON arrays or objects that are used repeatedly when building up larger objects
3. object classes representing structured data corresponding to a lookup of a single object
4. arrays of objects representing structured data corresponding to a search for multiple objects
5. the response to an error

1. domains
2. nameservers
3. entities

1. IP networks
2. Autonomous System numbers

handle:

DNRs and RIRs have registry-unique identifiers that may be used to specifically reference an object instance. The semantics of this data type as found in this document are to be a registry-unique reference to the closest enclosing object where the value is found. The data type names "registryId", "roid", "nic-handle", "registrationNo", etc., are terms often synonymous with this data type. In this document, the term "handle" is used. The term exposed to users by clients is a presentation issue beyond the scope of this document. This value is a simple character string.

IPv4 addresses:

The representation of IPv4 addresses in this document uses the dotted-decimal notation. An example of this textual representation is "192.0.2.0".

IPv6 addresses:

The representation of IPv6 addresses in this document follow the forms outlined in [RFC 5952]. An example of this textual representation is "2001:db8::1:0:0:1".

country codes:

Where the identity of a geopolitical nation or country is needed, these identities are represented with the alpha-2 or two-character country code designation as defined in [ISO.3166.2020]. The alpha-2 representation is used because it is freely available, whereas the alpha-3 and numeric-3 standards are not.

LDH names:

Textual representations of DNS names where the labels of the domain are all "letters, digits, hyphen" labels as described by [RFC 5890]. Trailing periods are optional.

Unicode names:

Textual representations of DNS names where one or more of the labels are U-labels as described by [RFC 5890]. Trailing periods are optional.

dates and times:

The syntax for values denoting dates and times is defined in [RFC 3339].

URIs:

The syntax for values denoting a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is defined by [RFC 3986].

"events" :
[
  {
    "eventAction" : "registration",
    "eventActor" : "SOMEID-LUNARNIC",
    "eventDate" : "1990-12-31T23:59:59Z"
  },
  {
    "eventAction" : "last changed",
    "eventActor" : "OTHERID-LUNARNIC",
    "eventDate" : "1991-12-31T23:59:59Z"
  }
]

• "eventAction" -- a REQUIRED string denoting the reason for the event
• "eventActor" -- an OPTIONAL identifier denoting the actor responsible for the event
• "eventDate" -- a REQUIRED string containing the time and date the event occurred
• "links" -- OPTIONAL; see Section 4.2

• type -- a string denoting the type of public identifier
• identifier -- a string denoting a public identifier of the type related to "type"

"publicIds":
[
  {
    "type":"IANA Registrar ID",
    "identifier":"1"
  }
]

{
  "objectClassName" : "entity",
  "handle":"XXXX",
  "vcardArray":[
    "vcard",
    [
      ["version", {}, "text", "4.0"],
      ["fn", {}, "text", "Joe User"],
      ["n", {}, "text",
        ["User", "Joe", "", "", ["ing. jr", "M.Sc."]]
      ],
      ["kind", {}, "text", "individual"],
      ["lang", {
        "pref":"1"
      }, "language-tag", "fr"],
      ["lang", {
        "pref":"2"
      }, "language-tag", "en"],
      ["org", {
        "type":"work"
      }, "text", "Example"],
      ["title", {}, "text", "Research Scientist"],
      ["role", {}, "text", "Project Lead"],
      ["adr",
        { "type":"work" },
        "text",
        [
          "",
          "Suite 1234",
          "4321 Rue Somewhere",
          "Quebec",
          "QC",
          "G1V 2M2",
          "Canada"
        ]
      ],
      ["adr",
        {
          "type":"home",
          "label":"123 Maple Ave\nSuite 90001\nVancouver\nBC\n1239\n"
        },
        "text",
        [
          "", "", "", "", "", "", ""
        ]
      ],
      ["tel",
        {
          "type":["work", "voice"],
          "pref":"1"
        },
        "uri",
        "tel:+1-555-555-1234;ext=102"
      ],
      ["tel",
        { "type":["work", "cell", "voice", "video", "text"] },
        "uri",
        "tel:+1-555-555-4321"
      ],
      ["email",
        { "type":"work" },
        "text",
        "joe.user@example.com"
      ],
      ["geo", {
        "type":"work"
      }, "uri", "geo:46.772673,-71.282945"],
      ["key",
        { "type":"work" },
        "uri",
        "https://www.example.com/joe.user/joe.asc"
      ],
      ["tz", {},
        "utc-offset", "-05:00"],
      ["url", { "type":"home" },
        "uri", "https://example.org"]
    ]
  ],
  "roles":[ "registrar" ],
  "publicIds":[
    {
      "type":"IANA Registrar ID",
      "identifier":"1"
    }
  ],
  "remarks":[
    {
      "description":[
        "She sells sea shells down by the sea shore.",
        "Originally written by Terry Sullivan."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "links":[
    {
      "value":"https://example.com/entity/XXXX",
      "rel":"self",
      "href":"https://example.com/entity/XXXX",
      "type" : "application/rdap+json"
    }
  ],
  "events":[
    {
      "eventAction":"registration",
      "eventDate":"1990-12-31T23:59:59Z"
    }
  ],
  "asEventActor":[

    {
      "eventAction":"last changed",
      "eventDate":"1991-12-31T23:59:59Z"
    }
  ]
}

• objectClassName -- the string "entity"
• handle -- a string representing a registry-unique identifier of the entity
• vcardArray -- a jCard with the entity's contact information
• roles -- an array of strings, each signifying the relationship an object would have with its closest containing object (see Section 10.2.4 for a list of values)
• publicIds -- see Section 4.8
• entities -- an array of entity objects as defined by this section
• remarks -- see Section 4.3
• links -- see Section 4.2
• events -- see Section 4.5
• asEventActor -- this data structure takes the same form as the events data structure (see Section 4.5), but each object in the array MUST NOT have an "eventActor" member. These objects denote that the entity is an event actor for the given events. See Appendix B regarding the various ways events can be modeled.
• status -- see Section 4.6
• port43 -- see Section 4.7
• networks -- an array of IP network objects as defined in Section 5.4
• autnums -- an array of autnum objects as defined in Section 5.5

{
  "objectClassName" : "entity",
  "handle" : "ANENTITY",
  "roles" : [ "registrar" ],
  ...
  "entities" :
  [
    {
      "objectClassName" : "entity",
      "handle": "ANEMBEDDEDENTITY",
      "roles" : [ "technical" ],
      ...
    },
    ...
  ],
  ...
}

{
  "objectClassName" : "entity",
  "handle":"XXXX",
  "vcardArray":[
    "vcard",
    [
      ["version", {}, "text", "4.0"],
      ["fn", {}, "text", "Joe User"],
      ["kind", {}, "text", "individual"],
      ["lang", {
        "pref":"1"
      }, "language-tag", "fr"],
      ["lang", {
        "pref":"2"
      }, "language-tag", "en"],
      ["org", {
        "type":"work"
      }, "text", "Example"],
      ["title", {}, "text", "Research Scientist"],
      ["role", {}, "text", "Project Lead"],
      ["adr",
        { "type":"work" },
        "text",
        [
          "",
          "Suite 1234",
          "4321 Rue Somewhere",
          "Quebec",
          "QC",
          "G1V 2M2",
          "Canada"
        ]
      ],
      ["tel",
        { "type":["work", "voice"], "pref":"1" },
        "uri", "tel:+1-555-555-1234;ext=102"
      ],
      ["email",
        { "type":"work" },
        "text", "joe.user@example.com"
      ]
    ]
  ],
  "status":[ "validated", "locked" ],
  "remarks":[
    {
      "description":[
        "She sells sea shells down by the sea shore.",
        "Originally written by Terry Sullivan."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "links":[
    {
      "value":"https://example.com/entity/XXXX",
      "rel":"self",
      "href":"https://example.com/entity/XXXX",
      "type":"application/rdap+json"
    }
  ],
  "port43":"whois.example.net",
  "events":[
    {
      "eventAction":"registration",
      "eventDate":"1990-12-31T23:59:59Z"
    },
    {
      "eventAction":"last changed",
      "eventDate":"1991-12-31T23:59:59Z",
      "eventActor":"joe@example.com"
    }
  ]
}

  {
    "objectClassName" : "nameserver",
    "handle" : "XXXX",
    "ldhName" : "ns1.xn--fo-5ja.example",
    "unicodeName" : "ns.fóo.example",
    "status" : [ "active" ],
    "ipAddresses" :
    {
      "v4": [ "192.0.2.1", "192.0.2.2" ],
      "v6": [ "2001:db8::123" ]
    },
    "remarks" :
    [
      {
        "description" :
        [
          "She sells sea shells down by the sea shore.",
          "Originally written by Terry Sullivan."
        ]
      }
    ],
    "links" :
    [
      {
        "value" : "https://example.net/nameserver/
                   ns1.xn--fo-5ja.example",
        "rel" : "self",
        "href" : "https://example.net/nameserver/
                  ns1.xn--fo-5ja.example",
        "type" : "application/rdap+json"
      }
    ],
    "port43" : "whois.example.net",
    "events" :
    [
      {
        "eventAction" : "registration",
        "eventDate" : "1990-12-31T23:59:59Z"
      },
      {
        "eventAction" : "last changed",
        "eventDate" : "1991-12-31T23:59:59Z",
        "eventActor" : "joe@example.com"
      }
    ]
  }

  {
    "objectClassName" : "nameserver",
    "ldhName" : "ns1.example.com"
  }

  {
    "objectClassName" : "nameserver",
    "ldhName" : "ns1.example.com",
    "ipAddresses" : { "v6" : [ "2001:db8::123", "2001:db8::124" ] }
  }

{
  "objectClassName" : "nameserver",
  "handle" : "XXXX",
  "ldhName" : "ns.xn--fo-5ja.example",
  ...
  "entities" :
  [
    ...
  ],
  ...
}

• objectClassName -- the string "nameserver"
• handle -- a string representing a registry-unique identifier of the nameserver
• ldhName -- a string containing the LDH name of the nameserver (see Section 3)
• unicodeName -- a string containing a DNS Unicode name of the nameserver (see Section 3)
• ipAddresses -- an object containing the following members:
  • v6 -- an array of strings containing IPv6 addresses of the nameserver
  • v4 -- an array of strings containing IPv4 addresses of the nameserver
• entities -- an array of entity objects as defined by Section 5.1
• status -- see Section 4.6
• remarks -- see Section 4.3
• links -- see Section 4.2
• port43 -- see Section 4.7
• events -- see Section 4.5

{
  "objectClassName" : "domain",
  "handle" : "XXX",
  "ldhName" : "blah.example.com",
  ...
  "nameservers" :
  [
    ...
  ],
  ...
  "entities" :
  [
    ...
  ]
}

• objectClassName -- the string "domain"
• handle -- a string representing a registry-unique identifier of the domain object instance
• ldhName -- a string describing a domain name in LDH form as described in Section 3
• unicodeName -- a string containing a domain name with U-labels as described in Section 3
• variants -- an array of objects, each containing the following values:
  • relation -- an array of strings, with each string denoting the relationship between the variants and the containing domain object (see Section 10.2.5 for a list of suggested variant relations).
  • idnTable -- the character string literal that represents the Internationalized Domain Name (IDN) table that has been registered in the IANA Repository of IDN Practices [IANA_IDNTABLES].
  • variantNames -- an array of objects, with each object containing an "ldhName" member and a "unicodeName" member (see Section 3).
• nameservers -- an array of nameserver objects as defined by Section 5.2
• secureDNS -- an object with the following members:
  • zoneSigned -- boolean true if the zone has been signed, false otherwise.
  • delegationSigned -- boolean true if there are DS records in the parent, false otherwise.
  • maxSigLife -- an integer representing the signature lifetime in seconds to be used when creating the RRSIG DS record in the parent zone [RFC 5910].
  • dsData -- an array of objects, each with the following members:
    • keyTag -- an integer as specified by the key tag field of a DNS DS record as specified by [RFC 4034] in presentation format
    • algorithm -- an integer as specified by the algorithm field of a DNS DS record as described by RFC 4034 in presentation format
    • digest -- a string as specified by the digest field of a DNS DS record as specified by RFC 4034 in presentation format
    • digestType -- an integer as specified by the digest type field of a DNS DS record as specified by RFC 4034 in presentation format
    • events -- see Section 4.5
    • links -- see Section 4.2
  • keyData -- an array of objects, each with the following members:
    • flags -- an integer representing the flags field value in the DNSKEY record [RFC 4034] in presentation format
    • protocol -- an integer representation of the protocol field value of the DNSKEY record [RFC 4034] in presentation format
    • publicKey -- a string representation of the public key in the DNSKEY record [RFC 4034] in presentation format
    • algorithm -- an integer as specified by the algorithm field of a DNSKEY record as specified by [RFC 4034] in presentation format
    • events -- see Section 4.5
    • links -- see Section 4.2 See Appendix D for background information on these objects.
• entities -- an array of entity objects as defined by Section 5.1
• status -- see Section 4.6
• publicIds -- see Section 4.8
• remarks -- see Section 4.3
• links -- see Section 4.2
• port43 -- see Section 4.7
• events -- see Section 4.5
• network -- represents the IP network for which a reverse DNS domain is referenced; see Section 5.4

{
  "objectClassName" : "domain",
  "handle" : "XXXX",
  "ldhName" : "0.2.192.in-addr.arpa",
  "nameservers" :
  [
    {
      "objectClassName" : "nameserver",
      "ldhName" : "ns1.rir.example"
    },
    {
      "objectClassName" : "nameserver",
      "ldhName" : "ns2.rir.example"
    }
  ],
  "secureDNS":
  {
    "delegationSigned": true,
    "dsData":
    [
      {
        "keyTag": 25345,
        "algorithm": 8,
        "digestType": 2,
        "digest": "2788970E18EA14...C890C85B8205B94"
      }
    ]
  },
  "remarks" :
  [
    {
      "description" :
      [
        "She sells sea shells down by the sea shore.",
        "Originally written by Terry Sullivan."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "links" :
  [
    {
      "value": "https://example.net/domain/0.2.192.in-addr.arpa",
      "rel" : "self",
      "href" : "https://example.net/domain/0.2.192.in-addr.arpa",
      "type" : "application/rdap+json"

    }
  ],
  "events" :
  [
    {
      "eventAction" : "registration",
      "eventDate" : "1990-12-31T23:59:59Z"
    },
    {
      "eventAction" : "last changed",
      "eventDate" : "1991-12-31T23:59:59Z",
      "eventActor" : "joe@example.com"
    }
  ],
  "entities" :
  [
    {
      "objectClassName" : "entity",
      "handle" : "XXXX",
      "vcardArray":[
        "vcard",
        [
          ["version", {}, "text", "4.0"],
          ["fn", {}, "text", "Joe User"],
          ["kind", {}, "text", "individual"],
          ["lang", {
            "pref":"1"
          }, "language-tag", "fr"],
          ["lang", {
            "pref":"2"
          }, "language-tag", "en"],
          ["org", {
            "type":"work"
          }, "text", "Example"],
          ["title", {}, "text", "Research Scientist"],
          ["role", {}, "text", "Project Lead"],
          ["adr",
            { "type":"work" },
            "text",
            [
              "",
              "Suite 1234",
              "4321 Rue Somewhere",
              "Quebec",
              "QC",
              "G1V 2M2",
              "Canada"
            ]

          ],
          ["tel",
            { "type":["work", "voice"], "pref":"1" },
            "uri", "tel:+1-555-555-1234;ext=102"
          ],
          ["email",
            { "type":"work" },
            "text", "joe.user@example.com"
          ]
        ]
      ],
      "roles" : [ "registrant" ],
      "remarks" :
      [
        {
          "description" :
          [
            "She sells sea shells down by the sea shore.",
            "Originally written by Terry Sullivan."
          ]
        }
      ],
      "links" :
      [
        {
          "value": "https://example.net/entity/XXXX",
          "rel" : "self",
          "href" : "https://example.net/entity/XXXX",
          "type" : "application/rdap+json"
        }
      ],
      "events" :
      [
        {
          "eventAction" : "registration",
          "eventDate" : "1990-12-31T23:59:59Z"
        },
        {
          "eventAction" : "last changed",
          "eventDate" : "1991-12-31T23:59:59Z",
          "eventActor" : "joe@example.com"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "network" :
  {
    "objectClassName" : "ip network",
    "handle" : "XXXX-RIR",
    "startAddress" : "192.0.2.0",
    "endAddress" : "192.0.2.255",
    "ipVersion" : "v4",
    "name": "NET-RTR-1",
    "type" : "DIRECT ALLOCATION",
    "country" : "AU",
    "parentHandle" : "YYYY-RIR",
    "status" : [ "active" ]
  }
}

{
  "objectClassName" : "domain",
  "handle" : "XXXX",
  "ldhName" : "xn--fo-5ja.example",
  "unicodeName" : "fóo.example",
  "variants" :
  [
    {
      "relation" : [ "registered", "conjoined" ],
      "variantNames" :
      [
        {
          "ldhName" : "xn--fo-cka.example",
          "unicodeName" : "fõo.example"
        },
        {
          "ldhName" : "xn--fo-fka.example",
          "unicodeName" : "föo.example"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "relation" : [ "unregistered", "registration restricted" ],
      "idnTable": ".EXAMPLE Swedish",
      "variantNames" :
      [
        {
          "ldhName": "xn--fo-8ja.example",
          "unicodeName" : "fôo.example"
        }
      ]

    }
  ],
  "status" : [ "locked", "transfer prohibited" ],
  "publicIds":[
    {
      "type":"ENS_Auth ID",
      "identifier":"1234567890"
    }
  ],
  "nameservers" :
  [
    {
      "objectClassName" : "nameserver",
      "handle" : "XXXX",
      "ldhName" : "ns1.example.com",
      "status" : [ "active" ],
      "ipAddresses" :
      {
        "v6": [ "2001:db8::123", "2001:db8::124" ],
        "v4": [ "192.0.2.1", "192.0.2.2" ]
      },
      "remarks" :
      [
        {
          "description" :
          [
            "She sells sea shells down by the sea shore.",
            "Originally written by Terry Sullivan."
          ]
        }
      ],
      "links" :
      [
        {
          "value" : "https://example.net/nameserver/ns1.example.com",
          "rel" : "self",
          "href" : "https://example.net/nameserver/ns1.example.com",
          "type" : "application/rdap+json"
        }
      ],
      "events" :
      [
        {
          "eventAction" : "registration",
          "eventDate" : "1990-12-31T23:59:59Z"
        },
        {
          "eventAction" : "last changed",
          "eventDate" : "1991-12-31T23:59:59Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "objectClassName" : "nameserver",
      "handle" : "XXXX",
      "ldhName" : "ns2.example.com",
      "status" : [ "active" ],
      "ipAddresses" :
      {
        "v6" : [ "2001:db8::125", "2001:db8::126" ],
        "v4" : [ "192.0.2.3", "192.0.2.4" ]
      },
      "remarks" :
      [
        {
          "description" :
          [
            "She sells sea shells down by the sea shore.",
            "Originally written by Terry Sullivan."
          ]
        }
      ],
      "links" :
      [
        {
          "value" : "https://example.net/nameserver/ns2.example.com",
          "rel" : "self",
          "href" : "https://example.net/nameserver/ns2.example.com",
          "type" : "application/rdap+json"
        }
      ],
      "events" :
      [
        {
          "eventAction" : "registration",
          "eventDate" : "1990-12-31T23:59:59Z"
        },
        {
          "eventAction" : "last changed",
          "eventDate" : "1991-12-31T23:59:59Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "secureDNS":
  {

     "zoneSigned": true,
     "delegationSigned": true,
     "maxSigLife": 604800,
     "keyData":
     [
       {
         "flags": 257,
         "protocol": 3,
         "algorithm": 8,
         "publicKey": "AwEAAa6eDzronzjEDbT...Jg1M5N rBSPkuXpdFE=",
         "events":
         [
           {
             "eventAction": "last changed",
             "eventDate": "2012-07-23T05:15:47Z"
           }
         ]
       }
     ]
  },
  "remarks" :
  [
    {
      "description" :
      [
        "She sells sea shells down by the sea shore.",
        "Originally written by Terry Sullivan."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "links" :
  [
    {
      "value": "https://example.net/domain/xn--fo-5ja.example",
      "rel" : "self",
      "href" : "https://example.net/domain/xn--fo-5ja.example",
      "type" : "application/rdap+json"
    }
  ],
  "port43" : "whois.example.net",
  "events" :
  [
    {
      "eventAction" : "registration",
      "eventDate" : "1990-12-31T23:59:59Z"
    },
    {
      "eventAction" : "last changed",
      "eventDate" : "1991-12-31T23:59:59Z",
      "eventActor" : "joe@example.com"
    },
    {
      "eventAction" : "transfer",
      "eventDate" : "1991-12-31T23:59:59Z",
      "eventActor" : "joe@example.com"
    },
    {
      "eventAction" : "expiration",
      "eventDate" : "2016-12-31T23:59:59Z",
      "eventActor" : "joe@example.com"
    }
  ],
  "entities" :
  [
    {
      "objectClassName" : "entity",
      "handle" : "XXXX",
      "vcardArray":[
        "vcard",
        [
          ["version", {}, "text", "4.0"],
          ["fn", {}, "text", "Joe User"],
          ["kind", {}, "text", "individual"],
          ["lang", {
            "pref":"1"
          }, "language-tag", "fr"],
          ["lang", {
            "pref":"2"
          }, "language-tag", "en"],
          ["org", {
            "type":"work"
          }, "text", "Example"],
          ["title", {}, "text", "Research Scientist"],
          ["role", {}, "text", "Project Lead"],
          ["adr",
            { "type":"work" },
            "text",
            [
              "",
              "Suite 1234",
              "4321 Rue Somewhere",
              "Quebec",
              "QC",
              "G1V 2M2",
              "Canada"
            ]

          ],
          ["tel",
            { "type":["work", "voice"], "pref":"1" },
            "uri", "tel:+1-555-555-1234;ext=102"
          ],
          ["email",
            { "type":"work" },
            "text", "joe.user@example.com"
          ]
        ]
      ],
      "status" : [ "validated", "locked" ],
      "roles" : [ "registrant" ],
      "remarks" :
      [
        {
          "description" :
          [
            "She sells sea shells down by the sea shore.",
            "Originally written by Terry Sullivan."
          ]
        }
      ],
      "links" :
      [
        {
          "value" : "https://example.net/entity/XXXX",
          "rel" : "self",
          "href" : "https://example.net/entity/XXXX",
          "type" : "application/rdap+json"
        }
      ],
      "events" :
      [
        {
          "eventAction" : "registration",
          "eventDate" : "1990-12-31T23:59:59Z"
        },
        {
          "eventAction" : "last changed",
          "eventDate" : "1991-12-31T23:59:59Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

{
  "objectClassName" : "ip network",
  "handle" : "XXX",
  ...
  "entities" :
  [
    ...
  ]
}

{
  "objectClassName" : "ip network",
  "handle" : "XXXX-RIR",
  "startAddress" : "2001:db8::",
  "endAddress" : "2001:db8:0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff",
  "ipVersion" : "v6",
  "name": "NET-RTR-1",
  "type" : "DIRECT ALLOCATION",
  "country" : "AU",
  "parentHandle" : "YYYY-RIR",
  "status" : [ "active" ],
  "remarks" :
  [
    {
      "description" :
      [
        "She sells sea shells down by the sea shore.",
        "Originally written by Terry Sullivan."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "links" :
  [
    {
      "value" : "https://example.net/ip/2001:db8::/48",
      "rel" : "self",
      "href" : "https://example.net/ip/2001:db8::/48",
      "type" : "application/rdap+json"
    },
    {
      "value" : "https://example.net/ip/2001:db8::/48",
      "rel" : "up",
      "href" : "https://example.net/ip/2001:db8::/32",
      "type" : "application/rdap+json"
    }
  ],
  "events" :
  [
    {
      "eventAction" : "registration",
      "eventDate" : "1990-12-31T23:59:59Z"
    },
    {
      "eventAction" : "last changed",
      "eventDate" : "1991-12-31T23:59:59Z"
    }
  ],
  "entities" :
  [
    {
      "objectClassName" : "entity",
      "handle" : "XXXX",
      "vcardArray":[
        "vcard",
        [
          ["version", {}, "text", "4.0"],
          ["fn", {}, "text", "Joe User"],
          ["kind", {}, "text", "individual"],
          ["lang", {
            "pref":"1"
          }, "language-tag", "fr"],
          ["lang", {
            "pref":"2"
          }, "language-tag", "en"],
          ["org", {
            "type":"work"
          }, "text", "Example"],
          ["title", {}, "text", "Research Scientist"],
          ["role", {}, "text", "Project Lead"],
          ["adr",
            { "type":"work" },
            "text",
            [
              "",
              "Suite 1234",
              "4321 Rue Somewhere",
              "Quebec",
              "QC",
              "G1V 2M2",
              "Canada"
            ]
          ],
          ["tel",
            { "type":["work", "voice"], "pref":"1" },
            "uri", "tel:+1-555-555-1234;ext=102"
          ],
          ["email",
            { "type":"work" },
            "text", "joe.user@example.com"
          ]
        ]
      ],
      "roles" : [ "registrant" ],
      "remarks" :
      [
        {
          "description" :
          [
            "She sells sea shells down by the sea shore.",
            "Originally written by Terry Sullivan."
          ]
        }
      ],
      "links" :
      [
        {
          "value" : "https://example.net/entity/xxxx",
          "rel" : "self",
          "href" : "https://example.net/entity/xxxx",
          "type" : "application/rdap+json"
        }
      ],
      "events" :
      [
        {
          "eventAction" : "registration",
          "eventDate" : "1990-12-31T23:59:59Z"

        },
        {
          "eventAction" : "last changed",
          "eventDate" : "1991-12-31T23:59:59Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

• objectClassName -- the string "ip network"
• handle -- a string representing the RIR-unique identifier of the network registration
• startAddress -- a string representing the starting IP address of the network, either IPv4 or IPv6
• endAddress -- a string representing the ending IP address of the network, either IPv4 or IPv6
• ipVersion -- a string signifying the IP protocol version of the network: "v4" signifies an IPv4 network, and "v6" signifies an IPv6 network
• name -- a string representing an identifier assigned to the network registration by the registration holder
• type -- a string containing an RIR-specific classification of the network per that RIR's registration model
• country -- a string containing the two-character country code of the network
• parentHandle -- a string containing an RIR-unique identifier of the parent network of this network registration
• status -- an array of strings indicating the state of the IP network as defined by Section 4.6
• entities -- an array of entity objects as defined by Section 5.1
• remarks -- see Section 4.3
• links -- see Section 4.2
• port43 -- see Section 4.7
• events -- see Section 4.5

{
  "objectClassName" : "autnum",
  "handle" : "XXXX-RIR",
  "startAutnum" : 65536,
  "endAutnum" : 65541,
  "name": "AS-RTR-1",
  "type" : "DIRECT ALLOCATION",
  "status" : [ "active" ],
  "country": "AU",
  "remarks" :
  [
    {
      "description" :
      [
        "She sells sea shells down by the sea shore.",
        "Originally written by Terry Sullivan."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "links" :
  [
    {
      "value" : "https://example.net/autnum/65537",
      "rel" : "self",
      "href" : "https://example.net/autnum/65537",
      "type" : "application/rdap+json"
    }
  ],
  "events" :

  [
    {
      "eventAction" : "registration",
      "eventDate" : "1990-12-31T23:59:59Z"
    },
    {
      "eventAction" : "last changed",
      "eventDate" : "1991-12-31T23:59:59Z"
    }
  ],
  "entities" :
  [
    {
      "objectClassName" : "entity",
      "handle" : "XXXX",
      "vcardArray":[
        "vcard",
        [
          ["version", {}, "text", "4.0"],
          ["fn", {}, "text", "Joe User"],
          ["kind", {}, "text", "individual"],
          ["lang", {
            "pref":"1"
          }, "language-tag", "fr"],
          ["lang", {
            "pref":"2"
          }, "language-tag", "en"],
          ["org", {
            "type":"work"
          }, "text", "Example"],
          ["title", {}, "text", "Research Scientist"],
          ["role", {}, "text", "Project Lead"],
          ["adr",
            { "type":"work" },
            "text",
            [
              "",
              "Suite 1234",
              "4321 Rue Somewhere",
              "Quebec",
              "QC",
              "G1V 2M2",
              "Canada"
            ]
          ],
          ["tel",
            { "type":["work", "voice"], "pref":"1" },
            "uri", "tel:+1-555-555-1234;ext=102"
          ],
          ["email",
            { "type":"work" },
            "text", "joe.user@example.com"
          ]
        ]
      ],
      "roles" : [ "registrant" ],
      "remarks" :
      [
        {
          "description" :
          [
            "She sells sea shells down by the sea shore.",
            "Originally written by Terry Sullivan."
          ]
        }
      ],
      "links" :
      [
        {
          "value" : "https://example.net/entity/XXXX",
          "rel" : "self",
          "href" : "https://example.net/entity/XXXX",
          "type" : "application/rdap+json"
        }
      ],
      "events" :
      [
        {
          "eventAction" : "registration",
          "eventDate" : "1990-12-31T23:59:59Z"
        },
        {
          "eventAction" : "last changed",
          "eventDate" : "1991-12-31T23:59:59Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

• objectClassName -- the string "autnum"
• handle -- a string representing the RIR-unique identifier of the autnum registration
• startAutnum -- an unsigned 32-bit integer representing the starting number [RFC 5396] in the block of Autonomous System numbers
• endAutnum -- an unsigned 32-bit integer representing the ending number [RFC 5396] in the block of Autonomous System numbers
• name -- a string representing an identifier assigned to the autnum registration by the registration holder
• type -- a string containing an RIR-specific classification of the autnum per that RIR's registration model
• status -- an array of strings indicating the state of the autnum as defined by Section 4.6
• country -- a string containing the two-character country code of the autnum
• entities -- an array of entity objects as defined by Section 5.1
• remarks -- see Section 4.3
• links -- see Section 4.2
• port43 -- see Section 4.7
• events -- see Section 4.5

• for /domains searches, the array is "domainSearchResults"
• for /nameservers searches, the array is "nameserverSearchResults"
• for /entities searches, the array is "entitySearchResults"

{
  "rdapConformance" :
  [
    "rdap_level_0"
  ],
  ...
  "domainSearchResults" :
  [
    {
      "objectClassName" : "domain",
      "handle" : "1-XXXX",
      "ldhName" : "1.example.com",
      ...
    },
    {
      "objectClassName" : "domain",
      "handle" : "2-XXXX",
      "ldhName" : "2.example.com",
      ...
    }
  ]
}

Type name:

application

Subtype name:

rdap+json

Required parameters:

n/a

Encoding considerations:

See Section 3.1 of RFC 6839.

Security considerations:

The media represented by this identifier does not have security considerations beyond that found in Section 12 of RFC 8259.

Interoperability considerations:

There are no known interoperability problems regarding this media format.

Published specification:

RFC 9083

Applications that use this media type:

Implementations of the Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP).

Additional information:

This media type is a product of the IETF REGEXT Working Group. The REGEXT charter, information on the REGEXT mailing list, and other documents produced by the REGEXT Working Group can be found at https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/regext/.

Person & email address to contact for further information:

IESG <iesg@ietf.org>

Intended usage:

COMMON

Restrictions on usage:

none

Author:

Andy Newton

Change controller:

IETF

Provisional Registration:

No

1. Value -- the string value being registered.
2. Type -- the type of value being registered. It should be one of the following:
   • "notice or remark type" -- denotes a type of notice or remark.
   • "status" -- denotes a value for the "status" object member as defined by Section 4.6.
   • "role" -- denotes a value for the "role" array as defined in Section 5.1.
   • "event action" -- denotes a value for an event action as defined in Section 4.5.
   • "domain variant relation" -- denotes a relationship between a domain and a domain variant as defined in Section 5.3.
3. Description -- a one- or two-sentence description regarding the meaning of the value, how it might be used, and/or how it should be interpreted by clients.
4. Registrant Name -- the name of the person registering the value.
5. Registrant Contact Information -- an email address, postal address, or some other information to be used to contact the registrant.

1. Values in need of being placed into multiple types must be assigned a separate registration for each type.
2. Values must be strings. They should be multiple words separated by single space characters. Every character should be lowercased. If possible, every word should be given in English and each character should be US-ASCII.
3. Registrations should not duplicate the meaning of any existing registration. That is, if a request for a registration is significantly similar in nature to an existing registration, the request should be denied. For example, the terms "maintainer" and "registrant" are significantly similar in nature as they both denote a holder of a domain name or Internet number resource. In cases where it may be reasonably argued that machine interpretation of two similar values may alter the operation of client software, designated experts should not judge the values to be of significant similarity.
4. Registrations should be relevant to the common usages of RDAP. Designated experts may rely upon the serving of the value by a DNR or RIR to make this determination.

Value:

result set truncated due to authorization

Type:

notice and remark type

Description:

The list of results does not contain all results due to lack of authorization. This may indicate to some clients that proper authorization will yield a longer result set.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

result set truncated due to excessive load

Type:

notice and remark type

Description:

The list of results does not contain all results due to an excessively heavy load on the server. This may indicate to some clients that requerying at a later time will yield a longer result set.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

result set truncated due to unexplainable reasons

Type:

notice and remark type

Description:

The list of results does not contain all results for an unexplainable reason. This may indicate to some clients that requerying for any reason will not yield a longer result set.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

object truncated due to authorization

Type:

notice and remark type

Description:

The object does not contain all data due to lack of authorization.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

object truncated due to excessive load

Type:

notice and remark type

Description:

The object does not contain all data due to an excessively heavy load on the server. This may indicate to some clients that requerying at a later time will yield all data of the object.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

object truncated due to unexplainable reasons

Type:

notice and remark type

Description:

The object does not contain all data for an unexplainable reason.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

validated

Type:

status

Description:

Signifies that the data of the object instance has been found to be accurate. This type of status is usually found on entity object instances to note the validity of identifying contact information.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

renew prohibited

Type:

status

Description:

Renewal or reregistration of the object instance is forbidden.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

update prohibited

Type:

status

Description:

Updates to the object instance are forbidden.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

transfer prohibited

Type:

status

Description:

Transfers of the registration from one registrar to another are forbidden. This type of status normally applies to DNR domain names.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

delete prohibited

Type:

status

Description:

Deletion of the registration of the object instance is forbidden. This type of status normally applies to DNR domain names.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

proxy

Type:

status

Description:

The registration of the object instance has been performed by a third party. This is most commonly applied to entities.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

private

Type:

status

Description:

The information of the object instance is not designated for public consumption. This is most commonly applied to entities.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

removed

Type:

status

Description:

Some of the information of the object instance has not been made available and has been removed. This is most commonly applied to entities.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

obscured

Type:

status

Description:

Some of the information of the object instance has been altered for the purposes of not readily revealing the actual information of the object instance. This is most commonly applied to entities.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

associated

Type:

status

Description:

The object instance is associated with other object instances in the registry. This is most commonly used to signify that a nameserver is associated with a domain or that an entity is associated with a network resource or domain.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

active

Type:

status

Description:

The object instance is in use. For domain names, it signifies that the domain name is published in DNS. For network and autnum registrations, it signifies that they are allocated or assigned for use in operational networks. This maps to the "OK" status of the Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP) [RFC 5730].

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

inactive

Type:

status

Description:

The object instance is not in use. See "active".

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

locked

Type:

status

Description:

Changes to the object instance cannot be made, including the association of other object instances.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

pending create

Type:

status

Description:

A request has been received for the creation of the object instance, but this action is not yet complete.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

pending renew

Type:

status

Description:

A request has been received for the renewal of the object instance, but this action is not yet complete.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

pending transfer

Type:

status

Description:

A request has been received for the transfer of the object instance, but this action is not yet complete.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

pending update

Type:

status

Description:

A request has been received for the update or modification of the object instance, but this action is not yet complete.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

pending delete

Type:

status

Description:

A request has been received for the deletion or removal of the object instance, but this action is not yet complete. For domains, this might mean that the name is no longer published in DNS but has not yet been purged from the registry database.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

registration

Type:

event action

Description:

The object instance was initially registered.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

reregistration

Type:

event action

Description:

The object instance was registered subsequently to initial registration.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

last changed

Type:

event action

Description:

An action noting when the information in the object instance was last changed.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

expiration

Type:

event action

Description:

The object instance has been removed or will be removed at a predetermined date and time from the registry.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

deletion

Type:

event action

Description:

The object instance was removed from the registry at a point in time that was not predetermined.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

reinstantiation

Type:

event action

Description:

The object instance was reregistered after having been removed from the registry.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

transfer

Type:

event action

Description:

The object instance was transferred from one registrar to another.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

locked

Type:

event action

Description:

The object instance was locked (see the "locked" status).

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

unlocked

Type:

event action

Description:

The object instance was unlocked (see the "locked" status).

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

registrant

Type:

role

Description:

The entity object instance is the registrant of the registration. In some registries, this is known as a maintainer.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

technical

Type:

role

Description:

The entity object instance is a technical contact for the registration.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

administrative

Type:

role

Description:

The entity object instance is an administrative contact for the registration.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

abuse

Type:

role

Description:

The entity object instance handles network abuse issues on behalf of the registrant of the registration.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

billing

Type:

role

Description:

The entity object instance handles payment and billing issues on behalf of the registrant of the registration.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

registrar

Type:

role

Description:

The entity object instance represents the authority responsible for the registration in the registry.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

reseller

Type:

role

Description:

The entity object instance represents a third party through which the registration was conducted (i.e., not the registry or registrar).

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

sponsor

Type:

role

Description:

The entity object instance represents a domain policy sponsor, such as an ICANN-approved sponsor.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

proxy

Type:

role

Description:

The entity object instance represents a proxy for another entity object, such as a registrant.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

notifications

Type:

role

Description:

An entity object instance designated to receive notifications about association object instances.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

noc

Type:

role

Description:

The entity object instance handles communications related to a network operations center (NOC).

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

registered

Type:

domain variant relation

Description:

The variant names are registered in the registry.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

unregistered

Type:

domain variant relation

Description:

The variant names are not found in the registry.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

registration restricted

Type:

domain variant relation

Description:

Registration of the variant names is restricted to certain parties or within certain rules.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

open registration

Type:

domain variant relation

Description:

Registration of the variant names is available to generally qualified registrants.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

Value:

conjoined

Type:

domain variant relation

Description:

Registration of the variant names occurs automatically with the registration of the containing domain registration.

Registrant Name:

IESG

Registrant Contact Information:

iesg@ietf.org

• private -- The object is not be shared in query responses, unless the user is authorized to view this information.
• removed -- Data elements within the object have been collected but have been omitted from the response. This option can be used to prevent unauthorized access to associated object instances without the need to mark them as private.
• obscured -- Data elements within the object have been collected, but the response value has been altered so that values are not easily discernible. A value changed from "1212" to "XXXX" is an example of obscured data. This option may reveal privacy sensitive information and should only be used when data sensitivity does not require a more protective option like "private" or "removed".

[ISO.3166.2020]

International Organization for Standardization, "Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions", ISO Standard 3166, August 2020.

[RFC2119]

S. Bradner, "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

[RFC3339]

G. Klyne, and C. Newman, "Date and Time on the Internet: Timestamps", RFC 3339, DOI 10.17487/RFC3339, July 2002,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3339>.

[RFC3629]

F. Yergeau, "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646", STD 63, RFC 3629, DOI 10.17487/RFC3629, November 2003,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3629>.

[RFC3986]

T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, and L. Masinter, "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC 3986, DOI 10.17487/RFC3986, January 2005,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3986>.

[RFC4034]

R. Arends, R. Austein, M. Larson, D. Massey, and S. Rose, "Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions", RFC 4034, DOI 10.17487/RFC4034, March 2005,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4034>.

[RFC5396]

G. Huston, and G. Michaelson, "Textual Representation of Autonomous System (AS) Numbers", RFC 5396, DOI 10.17487/RFC5396, December 2008,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5396>.

[RFC5646]

A. Phillips, and M. Davis, "Tags for Identifying Languages", BCP 47, RFC 5646, DOI 10.17487/RFC5646, September 2009,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5646>.

[RFC5890]

J. Klensin, "Internationalized Domain Names for Applications (IDNA): Definitions and Document Framework", RFC 5890, DOI 10.17487/RFC5890, August 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5890>.

[RFC5952]

S. Kawamura, and M. Kawashima, "A Recommendation for IPv6 Address Text Representation", RFC 5952, DOI 10.17487/RFC5952, August 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5952>.

[RFC7095]

P. Kewisch, "jCard: The JSON Format for vCard", RFC 7095, DOI 10.17487/RFC7095, January 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7095>.

[RFC7480]

A. Newton, B. Ellacott, and N. Kong, "HTTP Usage in the Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP)", STD 95, RFC 7480, DOI 10.17487/RFC7480, March 2015,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7480>.

[RFC7481]

S. Hollenbeck, and N. Kong, "Security Services for the Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP)", STD 95, RFC 7481, DOI 10.17487/RFC7481, March 2015,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7481>.

[RFC8126]

M. Cotton, B. Leiba, and T. Narten, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.

[RFC8174]

B. Leiba, "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

[RFC8259]

T. Bray, "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format", STD 90, RFC 8259, DOI 10.17487/RFC8259, December 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8259>.

[RFC8288]

M. Nottingham, "Web Linking", RFC 8288, DOI 10.17487/RFC8288, October 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8288>.

[RFC9082]

S Hollenbeck, and A Newton, "Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP) Query Format", STD 95, RFC 9082, DOI 10.17487/RFC9082, June 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9082>.

[IANA_IDNTABLES]

IANA, "Repository of IDN Practices",
<https://www.iana.org/domains/idn-tables>.

[JSON_ascendancy]

L. MacVittie, "The Stealthy Ascendancy of JSON", April 2011,
<https://devcentral.f5.com/s/articles/the-stealthy-ascendancy-of-json>.

[JSON_performance_study]

N. Nurseitov, M. Paulson, R. Reynolds, and C. Izurieta, "Comparison of JSON and XML Data Interchange Formats: A Case Study", 2009,
<https://www.cs.montana.edu/izurieta/pubs/caine2009.pdf>.

[RFC3912]

L. Daigle, "WHOIS Protocol Specification", RFC 3912, DOI 10.17487/RFC3912, September 2004,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3912>.

[RFC5730]

S. Hollenbeck, "Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP)", STD 69, RFC 5730, DOI 10.17487/RFC5730, August 2009,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5730>.

[RFC5910]

J. Gould, and S. Hollenbeck, "Domain Name System (DNS) Security Extensions Mapping for the Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP)", RFC 5910, DOI 10.17487/RFC5910, May 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5910>.

[RFC6350]

S. Perreault, "vCard Format Specification", RFC 6350, DOI 10.17487/RFC6350, August 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6350>.

[RFC6839]

T. Hansen, and A. Melnikov, "Additional Media Type Structured Syntax Suffixes", RFC 6839, DOI 10.17487/RFC6839, January 2013,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6839>.

1. events with no designated actor
2. events where the actor is only designated by an identifier
3. events where the actor can be modeled as an entity

"events" :
[
  {
    "eventAction" : "registration",
    "eventDate" : "1990-12-31T23:59:59Z"
  }
]

"events" :
[
  {
    "eventAction" : "registration",
    "eventActor" : "XYZ-NIC",
    "eventDate" : "1990-12-31T23:59:59Z"
  }
]

{
  "objectClassName" : "domain",
  "handle" : "XXXX",
  "ldhName" : "foo.example",
  "status" : [ "locked", "transfer prohibited" ],
  ...
  "entities" :
  [
    {
      "handle" : "XXXX",
      ...
      "asEventActor" :
      [
        {
          "eventAction" : "last changed",
          "eventDate" : "1990-12-31T23:59:59Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

{
  "vcardArray":[
    "vcard",
    [
      ["version", {}, "text", "4.0"],
      ["fn", {}, "text", "Joe User"],
      ["n", {}, "text",
        ["User", "Joe", "", "", ["ing. jr", "M.Sc."]]
      ],
      ["kind", {}, "text", "individual"],
      ["lang", {
        "pref":"1"
      }, "language-tag", "fr"],
      ["lang", {
        "pref":"2"
      }, "language-tag", "en"],
      ["org", {
        "type":"work"
      }, "text", "Example"],
      ["title", {}, "text", "Research Scientist"],
      ["role", {}, "text", "Project Lead"],
      ["adr",
        { "type":"work" },
        "text",
        [
          "",
          "Suite 1234",
          "4321 Rue Somewhere",
          "Quebec",
          "QC",
          "G1V 2M2",
          "Canada"
        ]
      ],
      ["adr",
        {

          "type":"home",
          "label":"123 Maple Ave\nSuite 90001\nVancouver\nBC\n1239\n"
        },
        "text",
        [
          "", "", "", "", "", "", ""
        ]
      ],
      ["tel",
        { "type":["work", "voice"], "pref":"1" },
        "uri", "tel:+1-555-555-1234;ext=102"
      ],
      ["tel",
        {
          "type":["work", "cell", "voice", "video", "text"]
        },
        "uri",
        "tel:+1-555-555-1234"
      ],
      ["email",
        { "type":"work" },
        "text", "joe.user@example.com"
      ],
      ["geo", {
        "type":"work"
      }, "uri", "geo:46.772673,-71.282945"],
      ["key",
        { "type":"work" },
        "uri", "https://www.example.com/joe.user/joe.asc"
      ],
      ["tz", {},
        "utc-offset", "-05:00"],
      ["url", { "type":"home" },
        "uri", "https://example.org"]
    ]
  ]
}

1. post office box -- not applicable; empty string
2. extended address (e.g., apartment or suite number) -- Suite 1234
3. street address -- 4321 Rue Somewhere
4. locality (e.g., city) -- Quebec
5. region (e.g., state or province) -- QC
6. postal code -- G1V 2M2
7. country name (full name) -- Canada

• Addressed known errata.
• Updated references to 7482 to RFC 9082. Adjusted case of "xxxx" used in examples where "XXXX" was previously used, and removed an "X" from "XXXXX". Changed IPv6 address example using "C00" to "c00". Added "a string representing" to the definitions of startAddress and endAddress. Removed "entity" from "Autonomous System Number Entity Object Class". Added "an unsigned 32-bit integer" to the definition of startAutnum and endAutnum. Added "a string representing" to the definition of name in the IP network and ASN object classes. Clarified rdapConformance identifier registration expectations in Section 4.1. Changed "lunarNic_level_0" to "lunarNIC_level_0".
• Clarified that the "value", "rel" and "href" JSON values MUST be specified in the "links" array.
• Clarified that the "description" array is required in the Notices and Remarks data structures and other values are OPTIONAL.
• Noted that all members of the "events" and "Public IDs" arrays are REQUIRED.
• Fix "self" link values in examples. Changed "http" to "https" link values in examples. Noted that Figure 18 is an example of a nameserver object with all "appropriate" values given. In Appendix C, quoted the word "label" in "label attribute". Added reference to "status" definition in the descriptions for IP networks and autnums. Fixed a 404 for the informative reference to "The Stealthy Ascendancy of JSON". Added "boolean" to the definition of zoneSigned.
• Clarified REQUIRED and OPTIONAL members of the "events" array.
• Changed "SHOULD not" to "SHOULD NOT" in Section 5.
• Updated normative references (RFC 5226 to RFC 8126, RFC 5988 to RFC 8288, RFC 7159 to RFC 8259). Changed examples using "ns1.xn--fo-5ja.example" to split URLs to avoid long lines.
• Added acknowledgments.
• Changed "The "lang" attribute may appear anywhere in an object class or data structure except for in jCard objects" to "The "lang" attribute as defined in this section MAY appear anywhere in an object class or data structure, except for in jCard objects. jCard supports similar functionality by way of the LANGUAGE property parameter (see Section 5.1 of RFC 6350 [RFC 6350]".
• Changed "simple data types conveyed in JSON strings" to "simple data types conveyed in JSON primitive types (strings, numbers, booleans, and null)". Changed "In other words, servers are free to not include JSON members containing registration data based on their own policies" to "In other words, servers are free to omit unrequired/optional JSON members containing registration data based on their own policies".
• Changed "This data structure appears only in the topmost JSON object of a response" to "This data structure MUST appear in the topmost JSON object of a response".
• Changed "Some non-answer responses may return entity bodies with information that could be more descriptive" to "Some non-answer responses MAY return entity bodies with information that could be more descriptive".
• Changed "The basic structure of that response is an object class containing an error code number (corresponding to the HTTP response code) followed by a string named "title" and an array of strings named "description"" to "The basic structure of that response is an object class containing a REQUIRED error code number (corresponding to the HTTP response code) followed by an OPTIONAL string named "title" and an OPTIONAL array of strings named "description"".
• Changed the "Autonomous System Number Object Class" section title to "The Autonomous System Number Object Class" for consistency with other section titles. Removed trailing periods in the "Terminology and Definitions" section for consistency. Changed instances of "lunarNic" to "lunarNIC" for consistency. Removed an extraneous trailing period after the eventDate description. Changed a "." to ";" in the description of the "network" member of the domain object class. Changed "The high-level structure of the autnum object class consists of information about the network registration" to "The high-level structure of the autnum object class consists of information about the Autonomous System number registration". Changed "registry unique" to "registry-unique".
• Changed "registrant" to "registrar" in the description of the "transfer" event action to address erratum 6158. Added IANA instructions to correct the description of the value in the registry.
• Added text to Section 4.2 to note that "self" and "related" "href" URIs MUST NOT be the same.
• Added text to Section 4.2 to describe return of IDNs in LDH name format.
• Added text to note that the "fn" member of a contact object MAY be empty in Section 3.
• Added text to clarify rdapConformance requirements in Section 4.1.
• Added "obsoletes 7483" to the headers, Abstract, and Introduction. Updated BCP 14 boilerplate. Updated IANA Considerations to note that this RFC (a product of the REGEXT Working Group) replaces RFC 7483. Changed "simple string" to "simple character string" in Sections [3] and [4.7]. Clarified requirement for the "fn" member in Section 3. Modified the requirement for rdapConformance placement in Section 4.1. Changed "jCard" to "vCard" LANGUAGE property reference in Section 4.4. Changed "no use" to "little or no use" in Section 5.1. Added example line wrap note in Section 5.2. Modified the definition of "idnTable" in Section 5.3. Modified the dsData and keyData examples in Section 5.3. Changed "2001:c00::/23" to "2001:db8::/32" in Section 5.4. Expanded the definition of "type" in Sections [5.4] and [5.5]. Modified example autnums in Section 5.5. Added text to the Security Considerations section to note that DNSSEC information returned in a response cannot be trusted directly.

Scott Hollenbeck

Andy Newton