Content for TR 38.877 Word version: 18.1.0
1 Scope
2 References
3 Definitions of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
3.2 Symbols
3.3 Abbreviations
...
...
1 Scope p. 6
The present document is the Technical Report for the Study Item on BS RF requirement evolution dealing with FR2 multi-band BS deployments.
2 References p. 6
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document.
- References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific.
- For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
- For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same Release as the present document.
[1]
TR 21.905: "Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications".
[2]
TS 38.104: "NR; Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception".
[3]
TR 37.840: "Study of Radio Frequency (RF) and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements for Active Antenna Array System (AAS) base station"
[4]
Rusek, Fredrik, et al. "Scaling up MIMO: Opportunities and challenges with very large arrays." IEEE signal processing magazine 30.1 (2012): 40-60.
[5]
Fager, Christian, et al. "Linearity and efficiency in 5G transmitters: New techniques for analyzing efficiency, linearity, and linearization in a 5G active antenna transmitter context." IEEE Microwave Magazine 20.5 (2019): 35-49.
[6]
Tervo, Nuutti, et al. "Analyzing the effects of PA variations on the performance of phased array digital predistortion." 2018 IEEE 29th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). IEEE, 2018.
[7]
Jalili, Feridoon, et al. "Linearization trade-offs in a 5G mmWave active phased array OTA setup." Ieee Access 8 (2020): 110669-110677.
[8]
Khan, Bilal, et al. "Statistical Digital Predistortion of 5G Millimeter-Wave RF Beamforming Transmitter Under Random Amplitude Variations." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 70.9 (2022): 4284-4296.
[9]
Ng, Eric, et al. "Digital predistortion of millimeter-wave RF beamforming arrays using low number of steering angle-dependent coefficient sets." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 67.11 (2019): 4479-4492.
[10]
Larsson, Erik G., and Liesbet Van der Perre. "Out-of-band radiation from antenna arrays clarified." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 7.4 (2018): 610-613.
[11]
Haider, Muhammad Furqan, et al. "Predistortion-Based Linearization for 5G and Beyond Millimeter-Wave Transceiver Systems: A Comprehensive Survey." IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials (2022).
[12]
ADI, Technical article, "Why Millimeter Wave Requires a Different Approach to DPD and How to Quantify Its Value"
[13]
Abdelaziz, Mahmoud, et al. "Digital predistortion for hybrid MIMO transmitters." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 12.3 (2018): 445-454.
[14]
Design and linearization of concurrent dual-band Doherty PA with frequency-dependent power ranges, Chen W H, Bassam S A, Li X, et al. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech, 2011, 59:2537-2546
[15]
Wu, Qian, et al. "Digital Predistortion for Concurrent Dual-Band Millimeter Wave Analog Multibeam Transmitters." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 69.3 (2021): 1747-1751.
[16]
Li, Yue, Xiaoyu Wang, and Anding Zhu. "Sampling rate reduction for digital predistortion of broadband RF power amplifiers." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 68.3 (2019): 1054-1064.
[17]
Yu, Chao, et al. "Linear-decomposition digital predistortion of power amplifiers for 5G ultrabroadband applications." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 68.7 (2020): 2833-2844.
[18]
3GPP R4-2219154: "Further discussion on phase shifters", Huawei, HiSilicon.
[19]
28/38 GHz Dual-band Dual-polarized Highly Isolated Antenna for 5G Phased Array Applications, Chenhao Chu et.al, University College Dublin, IEEE IWS 2019: Sixth IEEE MTT-S International Wireless Symposium, Guangzhou, China, 19-22 May 2019 https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/bitstream/10197/11051/2/Antenna%20for%205G%20Phased%20Array_IWS2019_CChu.pdf
[20]
A Compact Dual-Band and Dual-Polarized Millimeter-Wave Beam Scanning Antenna Array for 5G Mobile Terminals, Yuqi He et.al, Xidian University, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9500212
[21]
Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Microstrip Antenna Array Using Double-Layer Gridded Patches for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications, Wangyu Sun et.al, IEEE Transactions On Antennas And Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 10, October 2021
[22]
A 32-Element 28/39 GHz Dual-Band Dual-Beam 5G Phased-Array with 40 dBm EIRP and Simultaneous 64 QAM Operation, Shufan Wang et al., University of California San Diego, USA, 2022 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9865316
[23]
Antenna diversity in mobile communications, R. G. Vaughan et al., IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 36, No. 4, November 1987, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1623508
[24]
R4-2215413: "General consideration on mmWave multi-band BS".
[25]
An Instantaneously Broadband Ultra-Compact Highly Linear PA with Compensated Distributed-Balun Output Network Achieving >17.8dBm P1dB and >36.6% PAEP1dB over 24 to 40GHz and Continuously Supporting 64-/256-QAM 5G NR Signals over 24 to 42GHz, Fei Wang, Hua Wang, ISSCC 2020 / session 24 / RF & mm-Wave power amplifiers / 24.6, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9063157
[26]
A 26-to-39GHz Broadband Ultra-Compact High-Linearity Switchless Hybrid N/PMOS Bi-Directional PA/LNA Front-End for Multi-Band 5G Large-Scaled MIMO System, ISSCC 2022 / Session 19 / power amplifiers and building blocks / 19.4, Jeongsoo Park1,
[27]
A Mm-Wave Wideband MIMO RX With Instinctual Array-Based Blocker/Signal Management for Ultralow-Latency Communication, Min-Yu Huang, et al., IEEE Journal Of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 54, No. 12, December 2019
[28]
A Power-Efficient 24-to-71GHz CMOS Phased-Array Receiver Utilizing Harmonic-Selection Technique Supporting 36dB Inter-Band Blocker Rejection for 5G NR, Jian Pang et al., ISSCC 2022 / Session 27 / mm-Wave & Sub-6GHz receivers and transceivers for 5g radios / 27.2, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9731619
[29]
A 22-44-GHz Phased-Array Receive Beamformer in 45-nm CMOS SOI for 5G Applications With 3-3.6-dB NF, Li Gao et al., IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 68, No. 11, November 2020
[30]
TS 38.141-2: "NR; Base Station (BS) conformance testing, Part 2: Radiated conformance testing".
[31]
TR 38.901: "Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz"
3 Definitions of terms, symbols and abbreviations p. 8
3.1 Terms p. 8
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in TR 21.905 and the following apply. A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in TR 21.905.
array element:
subdivision of a passive antenna array, consisting of a single radiating element or a group of radiating elements, with a fixed radiation pattern
antenna array:
group of radiating elements characterized by the geometry and the properties of the array elements
Base Station RF Bandwidth:
RF bandwidth in which a base station transmits and/or receives single or multiple carrier(s) within a supported operating band
beam:
beam (of the antenna) is the main lobe of the radiation pattern of an antenna array
BS channel bandwidth:
RF bandwidth supporting a single NR RF carrier with the transmission bandwidth configured in the uplink or downlink
BS transmission bandwidth configuration:
set of resource blocks located within the BS channel bandwidth which may be used for transmitting or receiving by the BS
BS type 1-O:
NR base station operating at FR1 with a requirement set consisting only of OTA requirements defined at the RIB
BS type 2-O:
NR base station operating at FR2 with a requirement set consisting only of OTA requirements defined at the RIB
directivity:
ratio of the radiation intensity in a given direction from the antenna to the radiation intensity averaged over all directions
equivalent isotropic radiated power:
in a given direction, the relative antenna gain of a transmitting antenna with respect to the antenna gain of an isotropic radiating element multiplied by the net power accepted by the antenna from the connected transmitter
equivalent isotropic sensitivity:
power level relative to an isotropic antenna that is required to be incident on the AAS BS array from a specified azimuth/elevation direction in order to meet a specified receiver sensitivity requirement
Inter RF Bandwidth gap:
frequency gap between two consecutive Base Station RF Bandwidths that are placed within two supported operating bands
multi-band RIB:
operating band specific RIB associated with a transmitter or receiver that is characterized by the ability to process two or more carriers in common active RF components simultaneously, where at least one carrier is configured at a different operating band than the other carrier(s) and where this different operating band is not a sub-band or superseding-band of another supported operating band
operating band:
frequency range in which NR operates (paired or unpaired), that is defined with a specific set of technical requirements.
radiated interface boundary:
operating band specific radiated requirements reference where the radiated requirements apply
radiating element:
basic building block of an array element characterized by its radiation properties
radiation pattern:
angular distribution of the radiated electromagnetic field or power level in the far field region
radio distribution network:
passive network which distributes radio signals generated by the active transceiver unit array to the antenna array, and/or distributes the radio signals collected by the antenna array to the active transceiver unit array.
single-band RIB:
operating band specific RIB supporting operation either in a single operating band only, or in multiple operating bands but does not meet the conditions for a multi-band RIB.
sub-band:
A sub-band of an operating band contains a part of the uplink and downlink frequency range of the operating band.
superseding-band:
A superseding-band of an operating band includes the whole of the uplink and downlink frequency range of the operating band.
total radiated power:
is the total power radiated by the antenna
transmission bandwidth:
RF Bandwidth of an instantaneous transmission from a UE or BS, measured in resource block units
3.2 Symbols p. 9
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
FFBWhigh
Highest supported frequency within supported operating band, for which fractional bandwidth support was declared
FFBWlow
Lowest supported frequency within supported operating band, for which fractional bandwidth support was declared
FPBWhigh
Highest supported frequency, for which percentage bandwidth support was declared
FPBWlow
Lowest supported frequency, for which percentage bandwidth support was declared
3.3 Abbreviations p. 10
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in TR 21.905 and the following apply. An abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in TR 21.905.
AA
Antenna Array
AAS
Antenna Array System
ACLR
Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio
ACS
Adjacent Channel Selectivity
ADC
Analog-to-Digital Converter
BB
Base Band
BS
Base Station
BW
Bandwidth
CFR
Crest Factor Reduction
CMOS
Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor
DAC
Digital-to-Analog Converter
DPD
Digital Pre-Distortion
EIRP
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
EIS
Equivalent Isotropic Sensitivity
EVM
Error Vector Magnitude
FBW
Fractional Bandwidth
FR
Frequency Range
IC
Integrated Circuit
IM
Inter-Modulation
IMD
Inter-Modulation Distortion
LNA
Low Noise Amplifier
LTCC
Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic
MCS
Modulation and Coding Scheme
MIMO
Multiple-Input Multiple-Output
NF
Noise Figure
N/PMOS
N/P-channel Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
NR
New Radio
OBUE
Operating Band Unwanted Emissions
OOB
Out-of-band
OTA
Over-The-Air
PA
Power Amplifier
PAE
Power Added Efficiency
PBW
Percentage Bandwidth
PSD
Power Spectral Density
RB
Resource Block
RDN
Radio Distribution Network
RF
Radio Frequency
RIB
Radiated Interface Boundary
RMS
Root Mean Square (value)
RX
Receiver
SCS
Sub-Carrier Spacing
SOI
Silicon On Insulator
TX
Transmitter
TRP
Total Radiated Power
TRX
Transceiver
UE
User Equipment
VGA
Variable Gain Amplifier
VSWR
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
ZF
Zero Forcing
