RFC 7652
Port Control Protocol (PCP) Authentication Mechanism
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) M. Cullen Request for Comments: 7652 S. Hartman Updates: 6887 Painless Security Category: Standards Track D. Zhang ISSN: 2070-1721 T. Reddy Cisco September 2015 Port Control Protocol (PCP) Authentication MechanismAbstract
An IPv4 or IPv6 host can use the Port Control Protocol (PCP) to flexibly manage the IP address-mapping and port-mapping information on Network Address Translators (NATs) or firewalls to facilitate communication with remote hosts. However, the uncontrolled generation or deletion of IP address mappings on such network devices may cause security risks and should be avoided. In some cases, the client may need to prove that it is authorized to modify, create, or delete PCP mappings. This document describes an in-band authentication mechanism for PCP that can be used in those cases. The Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is used to perform authentication between PCP devices. This document updates RFC 6887. Status of This Memo This is an Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7652.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. Protocol Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1. Session Initiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1.1. Authentication Triggered by the Client . . . . . . . 6 3.1.2. Authentication Triggered by the Server . . . . . . . 7 3.1.3. Authentication Using EAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.2. Recovery from Lost PA Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.3. Session Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.4. Session Re-authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4. PA Security Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5. Packet Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.1. Packet Format of PCP Auth Messages . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.2. Opcode-Specific Information of AUTHENTICATION Opcode . . 16 5.3. NONCE Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.4. AUTHENTICATION_TAG Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.5. PA_AUTHENTICATION_TAG Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.6. EAP_PAYLOAD Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.7. PRF Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.8. MAC_ALGORITHM Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5.9. SESSION_LIFETIME Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5.10. RECEIVED_PAK Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.11. ID_INDICATOR Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 6. Processing Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 6.1. Authentication Data Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 6.2. Authentication Data Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 6.3. Retransmission Policies for PA Messages . . . . . . . . . 24 6.4. Sequence Numbers for PCP Auth Messages . . . . . . . . . 25 6.5. Sequence Numbers for Common PCP Messages . . . . . . . . 26 6.6. MTU Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 7.1. NONCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 7.2. AUTHENTICATION_TAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 7.3. PA_AUTHENTICATION_TAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 7.4. EAP_PAYLOAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 7.5. PRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 7.6. MAC_ALGORITHM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 7.7. SESSION_LIFETIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 7.8. RECEIVED_PAK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 7.9. ID_INDICATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1. Introduction
Using the Port Control Protocol (PCP) [RFC6887], an application can flexibly manage the IP address-mapping information on its network address translators (NATs) and firewalls and can control their policies in processing incoming and outgoing IP packets. Because NATs and firewalls both play important roles in network security architectures, there are many situations in which authentication and access control are required to prevent unauthorized users from accessing such devices. This document defines a PCP security extension that enables PCP servers to authenticate their clients with the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP). The EAP messages are encapsulated within PCP messages during transmission. The following issues are considered in the design of this extension: o Loss of EAP messages during transmission. o Reordered delivery of EAP messages. o Generation of transport keys. o Integrity protection and data origin authentication for PCP messages. o Algorithm agility. The mechanism described in this document meets the security requirements to address the Advanced Threat Model described in the base PCP specification [RFC6887]. This mechanism can be used to secure PCP in the following situations: o On security infrastructure equipment, such as corporate firewalls, that does not create implicit mappings for specific traffic. o On equipment (such as Carrier-Grade NATs (CGNs) or service provider firewalls) that serves multiple administrative domains and do not have a mechanism to securely partition traffic from those domains. o For any implementation that wants to be more permissive in authorizing applications to create mappings for successful inbound communications destined to machines located behind a NAT or a firewall.
2. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. Most of the terms used in this document are introduced in [RFC6887]. PCP client: A PCP software instance that is responsible for issuing PCP requests to a PCP server. In this document, a PCP client is also an EAP peer [RFC3748], and it is the responsibility of a PCP client to provide the credentials when authentication is required. PCP server: A PCP software instance that resides on the PCP-controlled device that receives PCP requests from the PCP client and creates appropriate state in response to that request. In this document, a PCP server is integrated with an EAP authenticator [RFC3748]. Therefore, when necessary, a PCP server can verify the credentials provided by a PCP client and make an access control decision based on the authentication result. PCP-Authentication (PA) session: A series of PCP message exchanges transferred between a PCP client and a PCP server. The PCP messages that are part of a given session include the PA messages used to perform EAP authentication, key distribution, and session management, as well as the common PCP messages secured with the keys distributed during authentication. Each PA session is assigned a distinctive Session ID. Session partner: A PCP implementation involved in a PA session. Each PA session has two session partners (a PCP server and a PCP client). PCP device: A PCP client or a PCP server. Session lifetime: The lifetime associated with a PA session. The session lifetime of the PA session decides the lifetime of the current authorization given to the PCP client. PA Security Association (PCP SA): An association formed between a PCP client and a PCP server by sharing cryptographic keying material and associated context. The formed duplex security association is used to protect the bidirectional PCP signaling traffic between the PCP client and PCP server. Master Session Key (MSK): A key derived by the partners of a PA session, using an EAP key-generating method (e.g., the method defined in [RFC5448]).
PCP-Authentication (PA) message: A PCP message containing an AUTHENTICATION Opcode. Specifically, a PA message sent from a PCP server to a PCP client is referred to as a PA-Server message, while a PA message sent from a PCP client to a PCP server is referred to as a PA-Client message. Therefore, a PA-Server message is actually a PCP response message as specified in [RFC6887], and a PA-Client message is a PCP request message. This document specifies an option -- the PA_AUTHENTICATION_TAG option defined in Section 5.5 for PCP authentication -- to provide integrity protection and message origin authentication for PA messages. Common PCP message: A PCP message that does not contain an AUTHENTICATION Opcode. This document specifies an AUTHENTICATION_TAG option to provide integrity protection and message origin authentication for the common PCP messages.3. Protocol Details
3.1. Session Initiation
At the beginning of a PA session, a PCP client and a PCP server need to exchange a series of PA messages in order to perform an EAP authentication process. Each PA message MUST contain an AUTHENTICATION Opcode and may optionally contain a set of options for various purposes (e.g., transporting authentication messages and session management). The Opcode-specific information in an AUTHENTICATION Opcode consists of two fields: Session ID and Sequence Number. The Session ID field is used to identify the PA session to which the message belongs. The Sequence Number field is used to detect whether reordering or duplication occurred during message delivery.3.1.1. Authentication Triggered by the Client
When a PCP client intends to proactively initiate a PA session with a PCP server, it sends a PA-Initiation message (a PA-Client message with the result code INITIATION) to the PCP server. Section 5.1 updates the PCP request message format with result codes for the PCP authentication mechanism. In the Opcode-specific information of the message, the Session ID and Sequence Number fields are set to zero. The PA-Client message MUST also contain a NONCE option (defined in Section 5.3) that consists of a random nonce. After receiving the PA-Initiation message, if the PCP server agrees to initiate a PA session with the PCP client, it will reply with a PA-Server message that contains an EAP request, and the Result Code field of this PA-Server message is set to AUTHENTICATION_REQUEST. In addition, the server MUST assign a unique session identifier to
distinctly identify this session and insert the identifier into the
Session ID field in the Opcode-specific information of the PA-Server
message. The Sequence Number field of the message is set to zero.
The PA-Server message MUST contain a NONCE option so as to send the
nonce value back. The nonce will then be used by the PCP client to
check the freshness of this message. Subsequent PCP messages within
this PA session MUST contain this session identifier.
PCP PCP
client server
|-- PA-Initiation ------------------------------->|
| (Seq=0, rc=INITIATION, Session ID=0) |
| |
|<-- PA-Server -----------------------------------|
| (Seq=0, Session ID=X, EAP request, |
| rc=AUTHENTICATION_REQUEST) |
| |
|-- PA-Client ----------------------------------->|
| (Seq=1, Session ID=X, EAP response, |
| rc=AUTHENTICATION_REPLY) |
| |
|<-- PA-Server -----------------------------------|
| (Seq=1, Session ID=X, EAP request, |
| rc=AUTHENTICATION_REQUEST) |
3.1.2. Authentication Triggered by the Server
In the scenario where a PCP server receives a common PCP request
message from a PCP client that needs to be authenticated, the
PCP server rejects the request with an AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED error
code and can reply with an unsolicited PA-Server message to initiate
a PA session. The Result Code field of this PA-Server message is set
to AUTHENTICATION_REQUEST. In addition, the PCP server MUST assign a
Session ID for the session and transfer it within the PA-Server
message. The Sequence Number field in the PA-Server message is set
to zero. If the PCP client retries the common request before EAP
authentication is successful, then it will receive an
AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED error code from the PCP server. In
subsequent PA messages exchanged during this session, the Session ID
will be used in order to help session partners distinguish the
messages within this session from those not within it. When the
PCP client receives this initial PA-Server message from the
PCP server, it can reply with a PA-Client message or silently discard
the request message, according to its local policies. In the
PA-Client message, a NONCE option that consists of a random nonce MAY
be appended. If so, in the next PA-Server message, the PCP server
MUST forward the nonce back within a NONCE option.
PCP PCP
client server
|-- Common PCP request -------------------------->|
| |
|<- Common PCP response --------------------------|
| (rc=AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED) |
| |
|<-- PA-Server -----------------------------------|
| (Seq=0, Session ID=X, EAP request, |
| rc=AUTHENTICATION_REQUEST) |
| |
|-- PA-Client ----------------------------------->|
| (Seq=0, Session ID=X, EAP response, |
| rc=AUTHENTICATION_REPLY) |
| |
|<-- PA-Server -----------------------------------|
| (Seq=1, Session ID=X, EAP request, |
| rc=AUTHENTICATION_REQUEST) |
3.1.3. Authentication Using EAP
In a PA session, an EAP request message is transported within a
PA-Server message and an EAP response message is transported within a
PA-Client message. EAP relies on the underlying protocol to provide
reliable transmission; any reordered delivery or loss of packets
occurring during transmission must be detected and addressed.
Therefore, after sending out a PA-Server message, the PCP server will
not send a new PA-Server message in the same PA session until it
receives a PA-Client message with a proper sequence number from the
PCP client, and vice versa. If a PCP client receives a PA message
containing an EAP request and for some reason cannot generate an EAP
response immediately (e.g., waiting for human input in order to
construct an EAP message, or waiting for the additional PA messages
in order to assemble a complete EAP message from fragmented packets),
the PCP device MUST reply with a PA-Acknowledgement message (a
PA message with a RECEIVED_PAK option) to indicate that the message
has been received. This approach not only can avoid unnecessary
retransmission of the PA message but also can guarantee reliable
message delivery in conditions where a PCP device needs to receive
multiple PA messages carrying the fragmented EAP request before
generating an EAP response. The number of EAP messages exchanged
between the PCP client and PCP server depends on the EAP method used
for authentication.
In this approach, a PCP client and a PCP server MUST perform a
key-generating EAP method in authentication. Specifically, a PCP
authentication implementation MUST support Extensible Authentication
Protocol Tunneled Transport Layer Security (EAP-TTLS) [RFC5281] and
SHOULD support the Tunnel Extensible Authentication Protocol (TEAP) [RFC7170]. Therefore, after a successful authentication procedure, a Master Session Key (MSK) will be generated. If the PCP client and the PCP server want to generate a transport key using the MSK, they need to agree upon a Pseudorandom Function (PRF) for the transport key derivation and a Message Authentication Code (MAC) algorithm to provide data origin authentication for subsequent PCP messages. In order to do this, the PCP server needs to append a set of PRF options and MAC_ALGORITHM options to the initial PA-Server message. Each PRF option contains a PRF that the PCP server supports, and each MAC_ALGORITHM option contains a MAC algorithm that the PCP server supports. Moreover, in the first PA-Server message, the server MAY also attach an ID_INDICATOR option (defined in Section 5.11) to direct the client to choose correct credentials. After receiving the options, the PCP client MUST select the PRF and the MAC algorithm that it would like to use; it then MUST add the associated PRF and MAC Algorithm options to the next PA-Client message. After the EAP authentication, the PCP server sends out a PA-Server message to indicate the EAP authentication and PCP authorization results. If the EAP authentication succeeds, the result code of the PA-Server message is AUTHENTICATION_SUCCEEDED. In this case, before sending out the PA-Server message, the PCP server MUST update the PCP SA with the MSK and transport key and MUST use the derived transport key to generate a digest for the message. The digest is transported within a PA_AUTHENTICATION_TAG option for PCP Auth. A more detailed description of generating the authentication data can be found in Section 6.1. In addition, the PA-Server message MUST also contain a SESSION_LIFETIME option (defined in Section 5.9) that indicates the lifetime of the PA session (i.e., the lifetime of the MSK). After receiving the PA-Server message, the PCP client then needs to generate a PA-Client message in response. If the PCP client also authenticates the PCP server, the result code of the PA-Client message is AUTHENTICATION_SUCCEEDED. In addition, the PCP client needs to update the PCP SA with the MSK and transport key, and it uses the derived transport key to secure the message. From then on, all the PCP messages within the session are secured with the transport key and the MAC algorithm specified in the PCP SA. The first secure PA-Client message from the client MUST include the set of PRF and MAC_ALGORITHM options received from the PCP server. The PCP server determines if the set of algorithms conveyed by the client matches the set it had initially sent, to detect an algorithm downgrade attack. If the server detects a downgrade attack, then it MUST send a PA-Server message with result code DOWNGRADE_ATTACK_DETECTED and terminate the session. If the PCP client sends a common PCP request within the PA session without an AUTHENTICATION_TAG option, then the PCP server rejects the request by returning an AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED error code.
If a PCP client/server cannot authenticate its session partner, the device sends out a PA message with the result code AUTHENTICATION_FAILED. If the EAP authentication succeeds but authorization fails, the device making the decision sends out a PA message with the result code AUTHORIZATION_FAILED. In these two cases, after the PA message is sent out, the PA session MUST be terminated immediately. It is possible for independent PCP clients on the host to create multiple PA sessions with the PCP server.3.2. Recovery from Lost PA Session
If a PCP server resets or loses the PCP SA due to reboot, power failure, or any other reason, then it sends an unsolicited ANNOUNCE response, as explained in Section 14.1.3 of [RFC6887], to the PCP client. Upon receiving the ANNOUNCE response with an anomalous Epoch Time, the PCP client deduces that the server may have lost state. The ANNOUNCE is either bogus (an attack), legitimate, or not seen by the client. These three cases are described below: o The PCP client sends an integrity-protected unicast ANNOUNCE request to the PCP server to see whether the PCP server has indeed lost state or an attacker has sent the ANNOUNCE response. * If an integrity-protected success response is received from the PCP server, then the PCP client determines that the PCP server has not lost the PA session, and the unsolicited ANNOUNCE response was sent by an attacker. * If the PCP server responds to the ANNOUNCE request with an UNKNOWN_SESSION_ID error code, then the PCP client MUST initiate full EAP authentication with the PCP server, as explained in Section 3.1.1. After EAP authentication is successful, the PCP client updates the PCP SA and issues new common PCP requests to recreate any lost mapping state. o In a scenario where the PCP server has lost the PCP SA but did not inform the PCP client, if the PCP client sends an integrity- protected PCP request, then the PCP server rejects the request with an UNKNOWN_SESSION_ID error code. The PCP client then initiates full EAP authentication with the PCP server, as explained in Section 3.1.1, and updates the PCP SA after successful authentication. If the PCP client resets or loses the PCP SA due to reboot, power failure, or any other reason and sends a common PCP request, then the PCP server rejects the request with an AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED error code. The PCP client MUST authenticate with the PCP server and, after EAP authentication is successful, retry the common PCP request
with an AUTHENTICATION_TAG option. The PCP server MUST update the PCP SA after successful EAP authentication.3.3. Session Termination
A PA session can be explicitly terminated by either session partner. A PCP server may explicitly request termination of the session by sending an unsolicited termination-indicating PA response (a PA response with a result code of SESSION_TERMINATED). Upon receiving a termination-indicating message, the PCP client MUST respond with a termination-indicating PA message and MUST then remove the associated PCP SA. To accommodate packet loss, the PCP server MAY transmit the termination-indicating PA response up to ten times (with an appropriate Epoch Time value in each to reflect the passage of time between transmissions), provided that (1) the interval between the first two notifications is at least 250 ms and (2) each interval between subsequent notifications at least doubles. A PCP client may explicitly request termination of the session by sending a termination-indicating PA request (a PA request with a result code of SESSION_TERMINATED). After receiving a termination- indicating message from the PCP client, a PCP server MUST respond with a termination-indicating PA message and remove the PCP SA immediately. When the PCP client receives the termination-indicating PA response, it MUST remove the associated PCP SA immediately.3.4. Session Re-authentication
A session partner may choose to perform EAP re-authentication if it would like to update the PCP SA without initiating a new PA session. For example, a re-authentication procedure could be triggered for the following reasons: o The session lifetime needs to be extended. o The sequence number is going to reach the maximum value. Specifically, when the sequence number reaches 2**32 - 2**16, the session partner MUST trigger re-authentication. When the PCP server would like to initiate a re-authentication, it sends the PCP client a PA-Server message. The result code of the message is set to RE-AUTHENTICATION, which indicates that the message is for a re-authentication process. If the PCP client would like to start the re-authentication, it will send a PA-Client message to the PCP server, with the result code of the PA-Client message set to RE-AUTHENTICATION. Then, the session partners exchange PA messages to transfer EAP messages for the re-authentication. During the re-authentication procedure, the session partners protect the
integrity of PA messages with the key and MAC algorithm specified in the current PCP SA; the sequence numbers associated with the message will continue to keep increasing as specified in Section 6.4. The result code for a PA-Server message carrying an EAP request will be set to AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED, and a PA-Client message carrying an EAP response will be set to AUTHENTICATION_REPLY. If the EAP re-authentication succeeds, the result code of the last PA-Server message is AUTHENTICATION_SUCCEEDED. In this case, before sending out the PA-Server message, the PCP server MUST update the SA and use the new key to generate a digest for the PA-Server message and subsequent PCP messages. In addition, the PA-Server message MUST be appended with a SESSION_LIFETIME option that indicates the new lifetime of the PA session. PA and PCP message sequence numbers must also be reset to zero. If the EAP authentication fails, the result code of the last PA-Server message is AUTHENTICATION_FAILED. If the EAP authentication succeeds but authorization fails, the result code of the last PA-Server message is AUTHORIZATION_FAILED. In the latter two cases, the PA session MUST be terminated immediately after the last PA message exchange. If for some unknown reason re-authentication is not performed and the session lifetime has expired, then the PA session MUST be terminated immediately. During re-authentication, the session partners can also exchange common PCP messages in parallel. The common PCP messages MUST be protected with the current SA until the new SA has been generated. The sequence of EAP messages exchanged for re-authentication will not change, regardless of the PCP device triggering re-authentication. If the PCP server receives a re-authentication request from the PCP client after the PCP server itself had sent a re-authentication request, then it should discard its request and respond to the re-authentication request from the PCP client.4. PA Security Association
At the beginning of a new PA session, each PCP device must create and initialize state information for a new PA Security Association (PCP SA) to maintain its state information for the duration of the PA session. The parameters of a PCP SA are as follows: o IP address and UDP port number of the PCP client. o IP address and UDP port number of the PCP server. o Session identifier.
o Sequence number for the next outgoing PA message.
o Sequence number for the next incoming PA message.
o Sequence number for the next outgoing common PCP message.
o Sequence number for the next incoming common PCP message.
o Last outgoing message payload.
o Retransmission interval.
o The Master Session Key (MSK) generated by the EAP method.
o The MAC algorithm that the transport key should use to generate
digests for PCP messages.
o The pseudorandom function negotiated in the initial PA-Server and
PA-Client message exchange for the transport key derivation.
o The transport key derived from the MSK to provide integrity
protection and data origin authentication for the messages in the
PA session. The lifetime of the transport key SHOULD be identical
to the lifetime of the session.
o The nonce selected by the PCP client at the initiation of the
session.
o The key ID associated with the transport key.
Specifically, the transport key is computed in the following way:
transport key = prf(MSK, "IETF PCP" || Session ID || Nonce ||
key ID), where:
o prf is the pseudorandom function assigned in the PRF option
(Section 5.7).
o MSK is the master session key generated by the EAP method.
o "IETF PCP" is the ASCII code representation of the
non-null-terminated string (excluding the double quotes
around it).
o '||' is the concatenation operator.
o Session ID is the ID of the session from which the MSK is derived.
o Nonce is the nonce selected by the client and transported in the
initial PA-Client message.
o Key ID is the ID assigned for the transport key.
5. Packet Format
5.1. Packet Format of PCP Auth Messages
The format of the PA-Server message is identical to the response
message format specified in Section 7.2 of [RFC6887]. The result
code for a PA-Server message carrying an EAP request MUST be set to
AUTHENTICATION_REQUEST.
This document updates the Reserved field (see Figure 1) in the
Request header specified in Section 7.1 of [RFC6887] to carry
Opcode-specific data.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Version = 2 |R| Opcode | Reserved |Opcode-specific|
| | | | | data |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Requested Lifetime (32 bits) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| PCP Client's IP Address (128 bits) |
| |
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
: :
: Opcode-specific information :
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
: :
: (optional) PCP Options :
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 1: Request Packet Format
The PA-Client messages (as shown in Figure 2) use the Request header specified in Figure 1. The Opcode-specific data is used to transfer the result codes (e.g., INITIATION, AUTHENTICATION_FAILED). Other fields in Figure 2 are described in Section 7.1 of [RFC6887]. The result code for a PA-Client message carrying an EAP response MUST be set to AUTHENTICATION_REPLY. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Version = 2 |R| Opcode | Reserved | Result Code | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Requested Lifetime (32 bits) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | | PCP Client's IP Address (128 bits) | | | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ : : : Opcode-specific information : : : +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ : : : (optional) PCP Options : : : +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 2: PA-Client Message Format The Requested Lifetime field of a PA-Client message and the Lifetime field of a PA-Server message are both set to zero on transmission and ignored on reception.
5.2. Opcode-Specific Information of AUTHENTICATION Opcode
The following diagram shows the format of the Opcode-specific information for the AUTHENTICATION Opcode. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Session ID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Sequence Number | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Session ID: This field contains a 32-bit PA session identifier. Sequence Number: This field contains a 32-bit sequence number. A sequence number needs to be incremented on every new (non-retransmission) outgoing PA message in order to provide an ordering guarantee for PA messages.5.3. NONCE Option
Because the session identifier of a PA session is determined by the PCP server, a PCP client does not know the session identifier that will be used when it sends out a PA-Initiation message. In order to prevent an attacker from interrupting the authentication process by sending spoofed PA-Server messages, the PCP client needs to generate a random number as a nonce in the PA-Initiation message. The PCP server will append the nonce within the initial PA-Server message. If the PA-Server message does not carry the correct nonce, the message MUST be silently discarded. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Option Code | Reserved | Option-Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Nonce | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Option Code: 4. Reserved: 8 bits. MUST be set to zero on transmission and MUST be ignored on reception. Option-Length: 4 octets.
Nonce: A random 32-bit number that is transported within a
PA-Initiation message and the corresponding reply message from the
PCP server.
5.4. AUTHENTICATION_TAG Option
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Option Code | Reserved | Option-Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Session ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Sequence Number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Key ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| Authentication Data (Variable) |
~ ~
| |
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Because there is no authentication Opcode in common PCP messages, the
authentication tag for common PCP messages needs to carry the
Session ID and Sequence Number.
Option Code: 5.
Reserved: 8 bits. MUST be set to zero on transmission and MUST be
ignored on reception.
Option-Length: The length of the AUTHENTICATION_TAG option for the
common PCP message (in octets), including the 12-octet
fixed-length header and the variable-length authentication data.
Session ID: A 32-bit field used to identify the session to which
the message belongs and identify the secret key used to create the
message digest appended to the PCP message.
Sequence Number: A 32-bit sequence number. In this option, a
sequence number needs to be incremented on every new
(non-retransmission) outgoing common PCP message in order to
provide an ordering guarantee for common PCP messages.
Key ID: The ID associated with the transport key used to generate
authentication data. This field is filled with zeros if the MSK
is directly used to secure the message.
Authentication Data: A variable-length field that carries the
Message Authentication Code for the common PCP message. The
generation of the digest varies according to the algorithms
specified in different PCP SAs. This field MUST end on a 32-bit
boundary, padded with zeros when necessary.
5.5. PA_AUTHENTICATION_TAG Option
This option is used to provide message authentication for
PA messages. In contrast to the AUTHENTICATION_TAG option for common
PCP messages, the Session ID field and the Sequence Number field are
removed because such information is provided in the Opcode-specific
information of the AUTHENTICATION Opcode.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Option Code | Reserved | Option-Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Key ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| Authentication Data (Variable) |
~ ~
| |
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option Code: 6.
Reserved: 8 bits. MUST be set to zero on transmission and MUST be
ignored on reception.
Option-Length: The length of the PA_AUTHENTICATION option for the
PCP Auth message (in octets), including the 4-octet fixed-length
header and the variable-length authentication data.
Key ID: The ID associated with the transport key used to generate
authentication data. This field is filled with zeros if the MSK
is directly used to secure the message.
Authentication Data: A variable-length field that carries the
Message Authentication Code for the PCP Auth message. The
generation of the digest varies according to the algorithms
specified in different PCP SAs. This field MUST end on a 32-bit
boundary, padded with null characters when necessary.
5.6. EAP_PAYLOAD Option
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Option Code | Reserved | Option-Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| EAP Message |
~ ~
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option Code: 7.
Reserved: 8 bits. MUST be set to zero on transmission and MUST be
ignored on reception.
Option-Length: Variable.
EAP Message: The EAP message transferred. Note that this field
MUST end on a 32-bit boundary, padded with zeros when necessary.
5.7. PRF Option
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Option Code | Reserved | Option-Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| PRF |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option Code: 8.
Reserved: 8 bits. MUST be set to zero on transmission and MUST be
ignored on reception.
Option-Length: 4 octets.
PRF: The pseudorandom function that the sender supports to
generate an MSK. This field contains a value indicating Internet
Key Exchange Protocol version 2 (IKEv2) Transform Type 2 [RFC7296]
[RFC4868]. A PCP implementation MUST support PRF_HMAC_SHA2_256
(transform ID = 5).
5.8. MAC_ALGORITHM Option
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Option Code | Reserved | Option-Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | MAC Algorithm ID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Option Code: 9. Reserved: 8 bits. MUST be set to zero on transmission and MUST be ignored on reception. Option-Length: 4 octets. MAC Algorithm ID: Indicates the MAC algorithm that the sender supports to generate authentication data. The MAC Algorithm ID field contains a value indicating IKEv2 Transform Type 3 [RFC7296] [RFC4868]. A PCP implementation MUST support AUTH_HMAC_SHA2_256_128 (transform ID = 12).5.9. SESSION_LIFETIME Option
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Option Code | Reserved | Option-Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Session Lifetime | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Option Code: 10. Reserved: 8 bits. MUST be set to zero on transmission and MUST be ignored on reception. Option-Length: 4 octets. Session Lifetime: An unsigned 32-bit integer, in seconds, ranging from 0 to 2^32-1 seconds. The lifetime of the PA session, which is decided by the authorization result.
5.10. RECEIVED_PAK Option
This option is used in a PA-Acknowledgement message to indicate that a PA message with the contained sequence number has been received. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Option Code | Reserved | Option-Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Received Sequence Number | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Option Code: 11. Reserved: 8 bits. MUST be set to zero on transmission and MUST be ignored on reception. Option-Length: 4 octets. Received Sequence Number: The sequence number of the last received PA message.5.11. ID_INDICATOR Option
The ID_INDICATOR option is used by the PCP client to determine which credentials to provide to the PCP server. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Option Code | Reserved | Option-Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | | ID Indicator | ~ ~ | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Option Code: 12. Reserved: 8 bits. MUST be set to zero on transmission and MUST be ignored on reception. Option-Length: Variable. ID Indicator: The identity of the authority that issued the EAP credentials to be used to authenticate the client. The field
MUST NOT be null terminated, and its length is indicated by the
Option-Length field. In particular, when a client receives an
ID_INDICATOR option, it MUST NOT rely on the presence of a null
character in the wire format data to identify the end of the
ID Indicator field.
The field MUST end on a 32-bit boundary, padded with zeros when
necessary. The ID Indicator field is a UTF-8 encoded [RFC3629]
Unicode string conforming to the UsernameCaseMapped profile of the
PRECIS IdentifierClass [RFC7613]. The PCP client validates that
the ID Indicator field conforms to the UsernameCaseMapped profile
of the PRECIS IdentifierClass. The PCP client enforces the rules
specified in Section 3.2.2 of [RFC7613] to map the ID Indicator
field. The PCP client compares the resulting string with the ID
indicators stored locally on the PCP client to pick the
credentials for authentication. The two indicator strings are to
be considered equivalent by the client if and only if they are an
exact octet-for-octet match.
(page 22 continued on part 2)
