RFC 7193
The application/cms Media Type
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) S. Turner Request for Comments: 7193 IECA Category: Informational R. Housley ISSN: 2070-1721 Vigil Security J. Schaad Soaring Hawk Consulting April 2014 The application/cms Media TypeAbstract
This document registers the application/cms media type for use with the corresponding CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) content types. Status of This Memo This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7193. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
1. Introduction
[RFC5751] registered the application/pkc7-mime media type. That document defined five optional smime-type parameters. The smime-type parameter originally conveyed details about the security applied to the data content type, indicating whether it was signed or enveloped, as well as the name of the data content; it was later expanded to indicate whether the data content is compressed and whether the data content contained a certs-only message. This document does not affect those registrations as this document places no requirements on S/MIME (Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) agents. The registration done by the S/MIME documents was done assuming that there would be a MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) wrapping layer around each of the different enveloping contents; thus, there was no need to include more than one item in each smime- type. This is no longer the case with some of the more advanced enveloping types. Some protocols such as the CMC (Certificate Management over Cryptographic Message Syntax) [RFC5273] have defined additional S/MIME types. New protocols that intend to wrap MIME content should continue to define a smime-type string; however, new protocols that intend to wrap non-MIME types should use this mechanism instead. CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) [RFC5652] associates a content type identifier (OID) with specific content; CMS content types have been widely used to define contents that can be enveloped using other CMS content types and to define enveloping content types some of which provide security services. CMS protecting content types, those that provide security services, include: Signed-Data [RFC5652], Enveloped-Data [RFC5652], Digested-Data [RFC5652], Encrypted-Data [RFC5652], Authenticated-Data [RFC5652], Authenticated-Enveloped-Data [RFC5083], and Encrypted Key Package [RFC6032]. CMS non-protecting content types, those that provide no security services but encapsulate other CMS content types, include: Content Information [RFC5652], Compressed Data [RFC3274], Content Collection [RFC4073], and Content With Attributes [RFC4073]. Then, there are the innermost content types that include: Data [RFC5652], Asymmetric Key Package [RFC5958], Symmetric Key Package [RFC6031], Firmware Package [RFC4108], Firmware Package Load Receipt [RFC4108], Firmware Package Load Error [RFC4108], Trust Anchor List [RFC5914], TAMP Status Query, TAMP Status Response, TAMP Update, TAMP Update Confirm, TAMP Apex Update, TAMP Apex Update Confirmation, TAMP Community Update, TAMP Community Update Confirm, TAMP Sequence Adjust, TAMP Sequence Adjust Confirmation, TAMP Error [RFC5934], Key Package Error, and Key Package Receipt [RFC7191].
To support conveying CMS content types, this document defines a media type and parameters that indicate the enveloping and embedded CMS content types. New CMS content types should be affirmative in defining the string that identifies the new content type and should additionally define if the new content type is expected to appear in the encapsulatedContent or innerContent parameter.1.1. Requirements Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].2. CMS Media Type Registration Applications
This section provides the media type registration application for the application/cms media type (see [RFC6838], Section 5.6). Type name: application Subtype name: cms Required parameters: None. Optional parameters: encapsulatingContent=y; where y is one or more CMS ECT (Encapsulating Content Type) identifiers; multiple values are encapsulated in quotes and separated by a folding-whitespace, a comma, and folding-whitespace. ECT values are based on content types found in [RFC3274], [RFC4073], [RFC5083], [RFC5652], and [RFC6032]. This list can later be extended; see Section 4. authData compressedData contentCollection contentInfo contentWithAttrs authEnvelopedData encryptedKeyPkg digestData encryptedData envelopedData signedData
innerContent=x; where x is one or more CMS ICT (Inner Content Type) identifiers; multiple values encapsulated in quotes and are separated by a folding-whitespace, a comma, and folding-whitespace. ICT values are based on content types found in [RFC4108], [RFC5914], [RFC5934], [RFC5958], [RFC6031], and [RFC7191]. This list can later be extended; see Section 4. firmwarePackage firmwareLoadReceipt firmwareLoadError aKeyPackage sKeyPackage trustAnchorList TAMP-statusQuery TAMP-statusResponse TAMP-update TAMP-updateConfirm TAMP-apexUpdate TAMP-apexUpdateConfirm TAMP-communityUpdate TAMP-communityUpdateConfirm TAMP-seqNumAdjust TAMP-seqNumAdjustConfirm TAMP-error keyPackageReceipt keyPackageError The optional parameters are case sensitive. Encoding considerations: Binary. [RFC5652] requires that the outermost encapsulation be ContentInfo.
Security considerations:
The following security considerations apply:
RFC | CMS Protecting Content Type and Algorithms
----------+-------------------------------------------
[RFC3370] | signedData, envelopedData,
[RFC5652] | digestedData, encryptedData, and
[RFC5753] | authData
[RFC5754] |
----------+-------------------------------------------
[RFC5958] | aKeyPackage
[RFC5959] |
[RFC6162] |
----------+-------------------------------------------
[RFC6031] | sKeyPackage
[RFC6160] |
----------+-------------------------------------------
[RFC6032] | encryptedKeyPkg
[RFC6033] |
[RFC6161] |
----------+-------------------------------------------
[RFC5914] | trustAnchorList
----------+-------------------------------------------
[RFC3274] | compressedData
----------+-------------------------------------------
[RFC5083] | authEnvelopedData
[RFC5084] |
----------+-------------------------------------------
[RFC4073] | contentCollection and
| contentWithAttrs
----------+-------------------------------------------
[RFC4108] | firmwarePackage,
| firmwareLoadReceipt, and
| firmwareLoadError
----------+-------------------------------------------
[RFC5934] | TAMP-statusQuery, TAMP-statusResponse,
| TAMP-update, TAMP-updateConfirm,
| TAMP-apexUpdate,
| TAMP-apexUpdateConfirm,
| TAMP-communityUpdate,
| TAMP-communityUpdateConfirm,
| TAMP-seqNumAdjust,
| TAMP-seqNumAdjustConfirm, and
| TAMP-error
----------+-------------------------------------------
[RFC7191] |keyPackageReceipt and keyPackageError
----------+-------------------------------------------
In some circumstances, significant information can be leaked by
disclosing what the innermost ASN.1 structure is. In these cases,
it is acceptable to disclose the wrappers without disclosing the
inner content type.
ASN.1 encoding rules (e.g., DER and BER) have a type-length-value
structure, and it is easy to construct malicious content with
invalid length fields that can cause buffer overrun conditions.
ASN.1 encoding rules allows for arbitrary levels of nesting, which
may make it possible to construct malicious content that will
cause a stack overflow. Interpreters of ASN.1 structures should
be aware of these issues and should take appropriate measures to
guard against buffer overflows and stack overruns in particular
and malicious content in general.
Interoperability considerations:
See [RFC3274], [RFC4073], [RFC4108], [RFC5083], [RFC5652],
[RFC5914], [RFC5934], [RFC5958], [RFC6031], [RFC6032], and
[RFC7191].
In all cases, CMS content types are encapsulated within
ContentInfo structures [RFC5652]; that is the outermost enveloping
structure is ContentInfo.
CMS [RFC5652] defines slightly different processing rules for
SignedData than does PKCS #7 [RFC2315]. This media type employs
the CMS processing rules.
The Content-Type header field of all application/cms objects
SHOULD include the optional "encapsulatingContent" and
"innerContent" parameters.
The Content-Disposition header field [RFC4021] can also be
included along with Content-Type's optional name parameter.
Published specification: This specification.
Applications that use this media type:
Applications that support CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax)
content types.
Fragment identifier considerations: N/A
Additional information:
Magic number(s): None
File extension(s): .cmsc
Macintosh File Type Code(s):
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Sean Turner <turners@ieca.com>
Intended usage: COMMON
Restrictions on usage: none
Author: Sean Turner <turners@ieca.com>
Change controller: The IESG <iesg@ietf.org>
3. Example
The following is an example encrypted status response message: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: application/cms; encapsulatingContent=encryptedData; innerContent=TAMP-statusResponse; name=status.cmsc Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 MIIFLQYJKoZIhvcNAQcDoIIFHjCCBRoCAQAxggFhMIIBXQIBADBFMEAxC zAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMR8wHQYDVQQKExZUZXN0IENlcnRpZmljYXRlcyAyMD ExMRAwDgYDVQQDEwdHb29kIENBAgEBMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUABIIBAEa uaXQeVsOyZ7gz0pJikRQ6Jqr64k2dbHBE4SDZL/uErP9FJUIja9LaJrc5 S83EZ7wf3mODUBaDhGfQVKoPrNTsLmw98fE/O+wcdpI2XKaILOR62xDJR emQQST+EPfMwZmCwgsImmY3AxefAgzp8hVgK7SDiXGXfa9ux9PMdCSjHP IgcAUFHmTiqxYd72Gl08kLCMIXmn3g5RsYUggxooeFNHiFNR28TV5HctG i6Ay5++iKUGrUQyXD+GlwakFToGFmFj3FMyZi7+kYV/X00BiBP3kpIgVJ 4jCj+nYtKWh6JXPoEqEsa39GmDEFGq4/58GEu70amWvW1DA++7kDP4gwg gOuBgkqhkiG9w0BBwEwHQYJYIZIAWUDBAECBBCH5yTQqZ4KYiTTeYdjoY 4sgIIDgArSpOcengKnZS4SCjfuQkMxB5wfSaud1thlZ+gUFCgzbFtkfYM Qx/T7gnkneniyj2rwOmZxCQXpPlCDXH6mS83ngfrNN8ay3HrMPpVkEOmW UMc5jI6oNObwqi8a3ezzhYRxF06jzdD2R/6SAPALz3Q4NU8eX+PnuekgR oxo/INzhT4iGvokn9xVah6piSbjhPA+QZp1HgQrlWyyM3lG9jn4thchKl FQqZEy/EBaCWq+sJG7LLxqS5k29CiAVx0JSItqAPvX1ZvLMY2aq//MQMw 0VFEx7Kt5aWNvKHTor9RUuuzwiZ5kwXt2vJt6bFiV7yS+EXofpFEmqyJP VJzyAFIXJRTv4k007n0M1UpXQpGjywECI6DbIhfBL8CsNskTCjrsfU+Tw RRkRKAbtJYughs9bDYkDu9UsKd/AE4zXk4prwo8/f1chpmzpHKOXiWzt+ xaCj648I4rOjdI9s4JP8J0qwVKoLEMGeiZlf2UlaiyMzZYzTOxI03PHp1 Whk6TXhnmMVPWGYjjelvE38gq/XynobbQRGEJdnnHzH7SrS27FmgRcnBO 3QQUPJChVn7iBHmdui++GAxpHoGdS6nSo4kQ6d5u5rL/Ctcnwu0k+s0Xi ZMzOqp7L31xl1jvYUWIswLQYsIFoiejU3UTKzq/Cpd5MK+I8cwCM3aQ2c D08URTPgu+U92pnYqm3auptywyjGAU/hkZ13XN7YRhLk/kuX8QXo3tZdj dKA4f/uNf1DURpJK9004uCkxuAtu5HemMv7YPTTx9Ua2pZFW5O+k2Mf2Z F/geOvtNw7UV8wOT1nokXu9lnIZ9Xcs1cGGmRYE7jW15F07uGnMi1s2Gt LAST7t/PlTNZU6h0rVExErVa7T+VNidrgwGIke0YqYIwvTINRs+9VeJE3 AJeatDlQs+01jrqqFWWmGmmsEBTTRuoDQHK7YBFFy4xIwQqZGW0EVre39 OU5CL5LHIYiAVoV16YwiGd5WvFF8P1ZJK4ki8GFgYiMcPKmjQgP7DumqG n7eQtMD5tezTQeC07ntV3bi5pdznZHVcF2Kqg+qHjJQlhUdK7Pew3kq7k mfCdQV0BmQSYyjEAaTijaw4fAMxAbiw4OU0eNeU//zcpp04AuTFfJorIg oZ+iCTYei8HMUA9/ysLFXA64wdsuCj0zXmNiYwosisuNg3TXfoBOzohKq fkeXt4. IANA Considerations
IANA has registered the media type application/cms in the Standards tree using the applications provided in Section 2 of this document.
IANA has established two subtype registries called "CMS Encapsulating Content Types" and "CMS Inner Content Types". Entries in these registries are allocated by Expert Review [RFC5226]. The Expert will determine whether the content is an ECT or an ICT, where the rule is that an ICT does not encapsulate another content type while an ECT does encapsulate another content type. Initial values are as follows: CMS Encapsulating Content Types Name | Document | Object Identifier ----------------------------+----------+--------------------------- authData |[RFC5652] | 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.2 compressedData |[RFC3274] | 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.9 contentCollection |[RFC4073] | 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.19 contentInfo |[RFC5652] | 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.6 contentWithAttrs |[RFC4073] | 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.20 authEnvelopedData |[RFC5083] | 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.23 encryptedKeyPkg |[RFC6032] | 2.16.840.1.101.2.1.2.78.2 digestData |[RFC5652] | 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.5 encryptedData |[RFC5652] | 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.6 envelopedData |[RFC5652] | 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.3 signedData |[RFC5652] | 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.2 CMS Inner Content Types Name | Document | Object Identifier ----------------------------+----------+--------------------------- firmwarePackage |[RFC4108] | 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.16 firmwareLoadReceipt |[RFC4108] | 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.17 firmwareLoadError |[RFC4108] | 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.18 aKeyPackage |[RFC5958] | 2.16.840.1.101.2.1.2.78.5 sKeyPackage |[RFC6031] | 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.25 trustAnchorList |[RFC5914] | 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.34 TAMP-statusQuery |[RFC5934] | 2.16.840.1.101.2.1.2.77.1 TAMP-statusResponse |[RFC5934] | 2.16.840.1.101.2.1.2.77.2 TAMP-update |[RFC5934] | 2.16.840.1.101.2.1.2.77.3 TAMP-updateConfirm |[RFC5934] | 2.16.840.1.101.2.1.2.77.4 TAMP-apexUpdate |[RFC5934] | 2.16.840.1.101.2.1.2.77.5 TAMP-apexUpdateConfirm |[RFC5934] | 2.16.840.1.101.2.1.2.77.6 TAMP-communityUpdate |[RFC5934] | 2.16.840.1.101.2.1.2.77.7 TAMP-communityUpdateConfirm |[RFC5934] | 2.16.840.1.101.2.1.2.77.8 TAMP-seqNumAdjust |[RFC5934] | 2.16.840.1.101.2.1.2.77.10 TAMP-seqNumAdjustConfirm |[RFC5934] | 2.16.840.1.101.2.1.2.77.11 TAMP-error |[RFC5934] | 2.16.840.1.101.2.1.2.77.9 keyPackageReceipt |[RFC7191] | 2.16.840.1.101.2.1.2.78.3 keyPackageError |[RFC7191] | 2.16.840.1.101.2.1.2.78.6
5. Security Considerations
See the answer to the Security Considerations template questions in Section 2.6. Acknowledgments
Special thanks to Carl Wallace for generating the example in Section 3.7. References
7.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC3274] Gutmann, P., "Compressed Data Content Type for Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", RFC 3274, June 2002. [RFC3370] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) Algorithms", RFC 3370, August 2002. [RFC4021] Klyne, G. and J. Palme, "Registration of Mail and MIME Header Fields", RFC 4021, March 2005. [RFC4073] Housley, R., "Protecting Multiple Contents with the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", RFC 4073, May 2005. [RFC4108] Housley, R., "Using Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) to Protect Firmware Packages", RFC 4108, August 2005. [RFC5083] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) Authenticated-Enveloped-Data Content Type", RFC 5083, November 2007. [RFC5084] Housley, R., "Using AES-CCM and AES-GCM Authenticated Encryption in the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", RFC 5084, November 2007. [RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226, May 2008. [RFC5273] Schaad, J. and M. Myers, "Certificate Management over CMS (CMC): Transport Protocols", RFC 5273, June 2008.
[RFC5652] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", STD 70, RFC 5652, September 2009. [RFC5753] Turner, S. and D. Brown, "Use of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Algorithms in Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", RFC 5753, January 2010. [RFC5754] Turner, S., "Using SHA2 Algorithms with Cryptographic Message Syntax", RFC 5754, January 2010. [RFC5914] Housley, R., Ashmore, S., and C. Wallace, "Trust Anchor Format", RFC 5914, June 2010. [RFC5934] Housley, R., Ashmore, S., and C. Wallace, "Trust Anchor Management Protocol (TAMP)", RFC 5934, August 2010. [RFC5958] Turner, S., "Asymmetric Key Packages", RFC 5958, August 2010. [RFC5959] Turner, S., "Algorithms for Asymmetric Key Package Content Type", RFC 5959, August 2010. [RFC6031] Turner, S. and R. Housley, "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) Symmetric Key Package Content Type", RFC 6031, December 2010. [RFC6032] Turner, S. and R. Housley, "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) Encrypted Key Package Content Type", RFC 6032, December 2010. [RFC6033] Turner, S., "Algorithms for Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) Encrypted Key Package Content Type", RFC 6033, December 2010. [RFC6160] Turner, S., "Algorithms for Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) Protection of Symmetric Key Package Content Types", RFC 6160, April 2011. [RFC6161] Turner, S., "Elliptic Curve Algorithms for Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) Encrypted Key Package Content Type", RFC 6161, April 2011. [RFC6162] Turner, S., "Elliptic Curve Algorithms for Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) Asymmetric Key Package Content Type", RFC 6162, April 2011.
[RFC6838] Freed, N., Klensin, J., and T. Hansen, "Media Type Specifications and Registration Procedures", BCP 13, RFC 6838, January 2013. [RFC7191] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) Key Package Receipt and Error Content Types", RFC 7191, April 2014.7.2. Informative References
[RFC2315] Kaliski, B., "PKCS #7: Cryptographic Message Syntax Version 1.5", RFC 2315, March 1998. [RFC5751] Ramsdell, B. and S. Turner, "Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) Version 3.2 Message Specification", RFC 5751, January 2010.Authors' Addresses
Sean Turner IECA, Inc. 3057 Nutley Street, Suite 106 Fairfax, VA 22031 USA EMail: turners@ieca.com Phone: +1.703.628.3180 Russell Housley Vigil Security, LLC 918 Spring Knoll Drive Herndon, VA 20170 USA EMail: housley@vigilsec.com Jim Schaad Soaring Hawk Consulting EMail: ietf@augustcellars.com