RFC 5758
Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure: Additional Algorithms and Identifiers for DSA and ECDSA
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Q. Dang Request for Comments: 5758 NIST Updates: 3279 S. Santesson Category: Standards Track 3xA Security ISSN: 2070-1721 K. Moriarty EMC D. Brown Certicom Corp. T. Polk NIST January 2010 Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure: Additional Algorithms and Identifiers for DSA and ECDSAAbstract
This document updates RFC 3279 to specify algorithm identifiers and ASN.1 encoding rules for the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) digital signatures when using SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, or SHA-512 as the hashing algorithm. This specification applies to the Internet X.509 Public Key infrastructure (PKI) when digital signatures are used to sign certificates and certificate revocation lists (CRLs). This document also identifies all four SHA2 hash algorithms for use in the Internet X.509 PKI. Status of This Memo This is an Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5758.
Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................2 2. Hash Functions ..................................................3 3. Signature Algorithms ............................................3 3.1. DSA Signature Algorithm ....................................4 3.2. ECDSA Signature Algorithm ..................................4 4. ASN.1 Module ....................................................5 5. Security Considerations .........................................6 6. References ......................................................6 6.1. Normative References .......................................6 6.2. Informative References .....................................7 7. Acknowledgements ................................................71. Introduction
This specification defines the contents of the signatureAlgorithm, signatureValue, and signature fields within Internet X.509 certificates and CRLs when these objects are signed using DSA or ECDSA with a SHA2 hash algorithm. These fields are more fully described in RFC 5280 [RFC5280]. This document also identifies all four SHA2 hash algorithms for use in the Internet X.509 PKI. This document profiles material presented in the "Secure Hash Standard" [FIPS180-3], "Public Key Cryptography for the Financial Services Industry: The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Standard (ECDSA)" [X9.62], and the "Digital Signature Standard" [FIPS186-3]. This document updates RFC 3279 [RFC3279] Sections 2.1, 2.2.2, and 2.2.3. Note that RFC 5480 [RFC5480] updates Sections 2.3.5, 3 (ASN.1 Module), and 5 (Security Considerations) of RFC 3279.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].2. Hash Functions
This section identifies four additional hash algorithms for use with DSA and ECDSA in the Internet X.509 certificate and CRL profile [RFC5280]. SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512 produce a 224-bit, 256-bit, 384-bit, and 512-bit "hash" of the input, respectively, and are fully described in the "Secure Hash Standard" [FIPS180-3]. The listed one-way hash functions are identified by the following object identifiers (OIDs): id-sha224 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-itu-t(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3) nistalgorithm(4) hashalgs(2) 4 } id-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-itu-t(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3) nistalgorithm(4) hashalgs(2) 1 } id-sha384 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-itu-t(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3) nistalgorithm(4) hashalgs(2) 2 } id-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-itu-t(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3) nistalgorithm(4) hashalgs(2) 3 } When one of these OIDs appears in an AlgorithmIdentifier, all implementations MUST accept both NULL and absent parameters as legal and equivalent encodings. Conforming certification authority (CA) implementations SHOULD use SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, or SHA-512 when generating certificates or CRLs, but MAY use SHA-1 if they have a stated policy that requires the use of this weaker algorithm.3. Signature Algorithms
This section identifies OIDs for DSA with SHA-224 and SHA-256 as well as ECDSA with SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512. The contents of the parameters component for each signature algorithm vary; details are provided for each algorithm.
3.1. DSA Signature Algorithm
The DSA is defined in the Digital Signature Standard (DSS) [FIPS186-3]. DSA was developed by the U.S. Government, and can be used in conjunction with a SHA2 hash function such as SHA-224 or SHA-256. DSA is fully described in [FIPS186-3]. When SHA-224 is used, the OID is: id-dsa-with-sha224 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-ccitt(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3) algorithms(4) id-dsa-with-sha2(3) 1 }. When SHA-256 is used, the OID is: id-dsa-with-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-ccitt(2) country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3) algorithms(4) id-dsa-with-sha2(3) 2 }. When the id-dsa-with-sha224 or id-dsa-with-sha256 algorithm identifier appears in the algorithm field as an AlgorithmIdentifier, the encoding SHALL omit the parameters field. That is, the AlgorithmIdentifier SHALL be a SEQUENCE of one component, the OID id- dsa-with-sha224 or id-dsa-with-sha256. Encoding rules for DSA signature values are specified in [RFC3279]. Conforming CA implementations that generate DSA signatures for certificates or CRLs MUST generate such DSA signatures in accordance with all the requirements in Sections 4.1, 4.5, and 4.6 of [FIPS186-3]. Conforming CA implementations that generate DSA signatures for certificates or CRLs MAY generate such DSA signatures in accordance with all the requirements and recommendations in [FIPS186-3], if they have a stated policy that requires conformance to [FIPS186-3].3.2. ECDSA Signature Algorithm
The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) is defined in "Public Key Cryptography for the Financial Services Industry: The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Standard (ECDSA)" [X9.62]. The ASN.1 OIDs used to specify that an ECDSA signature was generated using SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, or SHA-512 are, respectively:
ecdsa-with-SHA224 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)
us(840) ansi-X9-62(10045) signatures(4) ecdsa-with-SHA2(3) 1 }
ecdsa-with-SHA256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)
us(840) ansi-X9-62(10045) signatures(4) ecdsa-with-SHA2(3) 2 }
ecdsa-with-SHA384 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)
us(840) ansi-X9-62(10045) signatures(4) ecdsa-with-SHA2(3) 3 }
ecdsa-with-SHA512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)
us(840) ansi-X9-62(10045) signatures(4) ecdsa-with-SHA2(3) 4 }
When the ecdsa-with-SHA224, ecdsa-with-SHA256, ecdsa-with-SHA384, or
ecdsa-with-SHA512 algorithm identifier appears in the algorithm field
as an AlgorithmIdentifier, the encoding MUST omit the parameters
field. That is, the AlgorithmIdentifier SHALL be a SEQUENCE of one
component, the OID ecdsa-with-SHA224, ecdsa-with-SHA256, ecdsa-with-
SHA384, or ecdsa-with-SHA512.
Conforming CA implementations MUST specify the hash algorithm
explicitly using the OIDs specified above when encoding ECDSA/SHA2
signatures in certificates and CRLs.
Conforming client implementations that process ECDSA signatures with
any of the SHA2 hash algorithms when processing certificates and CRLs
MUST recognize the corresponding OIDs specified above.
Encoding rules for ECDSA signature values are specified in RFC 3279
[RFC3279], Section 2.2.3, and RFC 5480 [RFC5480].
Conforming CA implementations that generate ECDSA signatures in
certificates or CRLs MUST generate such ECDSA signatures in
accordance with all the requirements specified in Sections 7.2 and
7.3 of [X9.62] or with all the requirements specified in Section
4.1.3 of [SEC1].
Conforming CA implementations that ECDSA signatures in certificates
or CRLs MAY generate such ECDSA signatures in accordance with all the
requirements and recommendations in [X9.62] or [SEC1] if they have a
stated policy that requires conformance to [X9.62] or [SEC1].
4. ASN.1 Module
The OIDs of the SHA2 hash algorithms are in the RFC 4055 [RFC4055]
ASN.1 module and the OIDs for DSA with SHA-224 and SHA-256 as well as
ECDSA with SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512 are defined in the
RFC 5480 [RFC5480] ASN.1 module.
5. Security Considerations
NIST has defined appropriate use of the hash functions in terms of the algorithm strengths and expected time frames for secure use in Special Publications (SPs) 800-78-1 [SP800-78-1], 800-57 [SP800-57], and 800-107 [SP800-107]. These documents can be used as guides to choose appropriate key sizes for various security scenarios. ANSI also provides security considerations for ECDSA in [X9.62]. These security considerations may be used as a guide.6. References
6.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC3279] Bassham, L., Polk, W., and R. Housley, "Algorithms and Identifiers for the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 3279, April 2002. [RFC4055] Schaad, J., Kaliski, B., and R. Housley, "Additional Algorithms and Identifiers for RSA Cryptography for use in the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 4055, June 2005. [RFC5480] Turner, S., Brown, D., Yiu, K., Housley, R., and T. Polk, "Elliptic Curve Cryptography Subject Public Key Information", RFC 5480, March 2009. [RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S., Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, May 2008. [FIPS180-3] Federal Information Processing Standards Publication (FIPS PUB) 180-3, Secure Hash Standard (SHS), October 2008. [FIPS186-3] Federal Information Processing Standards Publication (FIPS PUB) 186-3, Digital Signature Standard (DSS), June 2009. [SEC1] Standards for Efficient Cryptography Group (SECG), SEC 1: Elliptic Curve Cryptography, Version 2.0, 2009.
[X9.62] X9.62-2005, "Public Key Cryptography for the Financial Services Industry: The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Standard (ECDSA)", November, 2005.6.2. Informative References
[SP800-107] Quynh Dang, NIST, "Recommendation for Applications Using Approved Hash Algorithms", February 2009. [SP800-78-1] W. Timothy Polk, Donna, F. Dodson, William E. Burr, NIST, "Cryptographic Standards and Key Sizes for Personal Identity Verification", August 2007. [SP800-57] Elaine Barker, William Barker, William E. Burr, NIST, "Recommendation for Key Management", August 2005.7. Acknowledgements
The authors of this document would like to acknowledge great inputs for this document from Alfred Hoenes, Sean Turner, Katrin Hoeper, and many others from IETF community. The authors also appreciate many great revision suggestions from Russ Housley and Paul Hoffman.
Authors' Addresses
Quynh Dang NIST 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8930 Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8930 USA EMail: quynh.dang@nist.gov Stefan Santesson 3xA Security (AAA-sec.com) Bjornstorp 744 247 98 Genarp Sweden EMail: sts@aaa-sec.com Kathleen M. Moriarty RSA, The Security Division of EMC 174 Middlesex Turnpike Bedford, MA 01730 USA EMail: Moriarty_Kathleen@emc.com Daniel R. L. Brown Certicom Corp. 5520 Explorer Drive Mississaug, ON L4W 5L1 USA EMail: dbrown@certicom.com Tim Polk NIST 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8930 Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8930 USA EMail: tim.polk@nist.gov