RFC 1866
Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0
9. HTML Public Text 9.1. HTML DTD This is the Document Type Definition for the HyperText Markup Language, level 2. <!-- html.dtd Document Type Definition for the HyperText Markup Language (HTML DTD) $Id: html.dtd,v 1.30 1995/09/21 23:30:19 connolly Exp $ Author: Daniel W. Connolly <connolly@w3.org> See Also: html.decl, html-1.dtd http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html --> <!ENTITY % HTML.Version "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN" -- Typical usage: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN"> <html> ... </html> -- > <!--============ Feature Test Entities ========================--> <!ENTITY % HTML.Recommended "IGNORE" -- Certain features of the language are necessary for compatibility with widespread usage, but they may compromise the structural integrity of a document. This feature test entity enables a more prescriptive document type definition that eliminates those features. --> <![ %HTML.Recommended [ <!ENTITY % HTML.Deprecated "IGNORE">
]]>
<!ENTITY % HTML.Deprecated "INCLUDE"
-- Certain features of the language are necessary for
compatibility with earlier versions of the specification,
but they tend to be used and implemented inconsistently,
and their use is deprecated. This feature test entity
enables a document type definition that eliminates
these features.
-->
<!ENTITY % HTML.Highlighting "INCLUDE"
-- Use this feature test entity to validate that a
document uses no highlighting tags, which may be
ignored on minimal implementations.
-->
<!ENTITY % HTML.Forms "INCLUDE"
-- Use this feature test entity to validate that a document
contains no forms, which may not be supported in minimal
implementations
-->
<!--============== Imported Names ==============================-->
<!ENTITY % Content-Type "CDATA"
-- meaning an internet media type
(aka MIME content type, as per RFC1521)
-->
<!ENTITY % HTTP-Method "GET | POST"
-- as per HTTP specification, in progress
-->
<!--========= DTD "Macros" =====================-->
<!ENTITY % heading "H1|H2|H3|H4|H5|H6">
<!ENTITY % list " UL | OL | DIR | MENU " >
<!--======= Character mnemonic entities =================-->
<!ENTITY % ISOlat1 PUBLIC
"ISO 8879-1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN//HTML">
%ISOlat1;
<!ENTITY amp CDATA "&" -- ampersand -->
<!ENTITY gt CDATA ">" -- greater than -->
<!ENTITY lt CDATA "<" -- less than -->
<!ENTITY quot CDATA """ -- double quote -->
<!--========= SGML Document Access (SDA) Parameter Entities =====-->
<!-- HTML 2.0 contains SGML Document Access (SDA) fixed attributes
in support of easy transformation to the International Committee
for Accessible Document Design (ICADD) DTD
"-//EC-USA-CDA/ICADD//DTD ICADD22//EN".
ICADD applications are designed to support usable access to
structured information by print-impaired individuals through
Braille, large print and voice synthesis. For more information on
SDA & ICADD:
- ISO 12083:1993, Annex A.8, Facilities for Braille,
large print and computer voice
- ICADD ListServ
<ICADD%ASUACAD.BITNET@ARIZVM1.ccit.arizona.edu>
- Usenet news group bit.listserv.easi
- Recording for the Blind, +1 800 221 4792
-->
<!ENTITY % SDAFORM "SDAFORM CDATA #FIXED"
-- one to one mapping -->
<!ENTITY % SDARULE "SDARULE CDATA #FIXED"
-- context-sensitive mapping -->
<!ENTITY % SDAPREF "SDAPREF CDATA #FIXED"
-- generated text prefix -->
<!ENTITY % SDASUFF "SDASUFF CDATA #FIXED"
-- generated text suffix -->
<!ENTITY % SDASUSP "SDASUSP NAME #FIXED"
-- suspend transform process -->
<!--========== Text Markup =====================-->
<![ %HTML.Highlighting [
<!ENTITY % font " TT | B | I ">
<!ENTITY % phrase "EM | STRONG | CODE | SAMP | KBD | VAR | CITE ">
<!ENTITY % text "#PCDATA | A | IMG | BR | %phrase | %font">
<!ELEMENT (%font;|%phrase) - - (%text)*>
<!ATTLIST ( TT | CODE | SAMP | KBD | VAR )
%SDAFORM; "Lit"
>
<!ATTLIST ( B | STRONG )
%SDAFORM; "B"
>
<!ATTLIST ( I | EM | CITE )
%SDAFORM; "It"
>
<!-- <TT> Typewriter text -->
<!-- <B> Bold text -->
<!-- <I> Italic text -->
<!-- <EM> Emphasized phrase -->
<!-- <STRONG> Strong emphasis -->
<!-- <CODE> Source code phrase -->
<!-- <SAMP> Sample text or characters -->
<!-- <KBD> Keyboard phrase, e.g. user input -->
<!-- <VAR> Variable phrase or substitutable -->
<!-- <CITE> Name or title of cited work -->
<!ENTITY % pre.content "#PCDATA | A | HR | BR | %font | %phrase">
]]>
<!ENTITY % text "#PCDATA | A | IMG | BR">
<!ELEMENT BR - O EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST BR
%SDAPREF; "&#RE;"
>
<!-- <BR> Line break -->
<!--========= Link Markup ======================-->
<!ENTITY % linkType "NAMES">
<!ENTITY % linkExtraAttributes
"REL %linkType #IMPLIED
REV %linkType #IMPLIED
URN CDATA #IMPLIED
TITLE CDATA #IMPLIED
METHODS NAMES #IMPLIED
">
<![ %HTML.Recommended [
<!ENTITY % A.content "(%text)*"
-- <H1><a name="xxx">Heading</a></H1>
is preferred to
<a name="xxx"><H1>Heading</H1></a>
-->
]]>
<!ENTITY % A.content "(%heading|%text)*">
<!ELEMENT A - - %A.content -(A)>
<!ATTLIST A
HREF CDATA #IMPLIED
NAME CDATA #IMPLIED
%linkExtraAttributes;
%SDAPREF; "<Anchor: #AttList>"
>
<!-- <A> Anchor; source/destination of link -->
<!-- <A NAME="..."> Name of this anchor -->
<!-- <A HREF="..."> Address of link destination -->
<!-- <A URN="..."> Permanent address of destination -->
<!-- <A REL=...> Relationship to destination -->
<!-- <A REV=...> Relationship of destination to this -->
<!-- <A TITLE="..."> Title of destination (advisory) -->
<!-- <A METHODS="..."> Operations on destination (advisory) -->
<!--========== Images ==========================-->
<!ELEMENT IMG - O EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST IMG
SRC CDATA #REQUIRED
ALT CDATA #IMPLIED
ALIGN (top|middle|bottom) #IMPLIED
ISMAP (ISMAP) #IMPLIED
%SDAPREF; "<Fig><?SDATrans Img: #AttList>#AttVal(Alt)</Fig>"
>
<!-- <IMG> Image; icon, glyph or illustration -->
<!-- <IMG SRC="..."> Address of image object -->
<!-- <IMG ALT="..."> Textual alternative -->
<!-- <IMG ALIGN=...> Position relative to text -->
<!-- <IMG ISMAP> Each pixel can be a link -->
<!--========== Paragraphs=======================-->
<!ELEMENT P - O (%text)*>
<!ATTLIST P
%SDAFORM; "Para"
>
<!-- <P> Paragraph -->
<!--========== Headings, Titles, Sections ===============-->
<!ELEMENT HR - O EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST HR
%SDAPREF; "&#RE;&#RE;"
>
<!-- <HR> Horizontal rule -->
<!ELEMENT ( %heading ) - - (%text;)*>
<!ATTLIST H1
%SDAFORM; "H1"
>
<!ATTLIST H2
%SDAFORM; "H2"
>
<!ATTLIST H3
%SDAFORM; "H3"
>
<!ATTLIST H4
%SDAFORM; "H4"
>
<!ATTLIST H5
%SDAFORM; "H5"
>
<!ATTLIST H6
%SDAFORM; "H6"
>
<!-- <H1> Heading, level 1 -->
<!-- <H2> Heading, level 2 -->
<!-- <H3> Heading, level 3 -->
<!-- <H4> Heading, level 4 -->
<!-- <H5> Heading, level 5 -->
<!-- <H6> Heading, level 6 -->
<!--========== Text Flows ======================-->
<![ %HTML.Forms [
<!ENTITY % block.forms "BLOCKQUOTE | FORM | ISINDEX">
]]>
<!ENTITY % block.forms "BLOCKQUOTE">
<![ %HTML.Deprecated [
<!ENTITY % preformatted "PRE | XMP | LISTING">
]]>
<!ENTITY % preformatted "PRE">
<!ENTITY % block "P | %list | DL
| %preformatted
| %block.forms">
<!ENTITY % flow "(%text|%block)*">
<!ENTITY % pre.content "#PCDATA | A | HR | BR">
<!ELEMENT PRE - - (%pre.content)*>
<!ATTLIST PRE
WIDTH NUMBER #implied
%SDAFORM; "Lit"
>
<!-- <PRE> Preformatted text -->
<!-- <PRE WIDTH=...> Maximum characters per line -->
<![ %HTML.Deprecated [
<!ENTITY % literal "CDATA"
-- historical, non-conforming parsing mode where
the only markup signal is the end tag
in full
-->
<!ELEMENT (XMP|LISTING) - - %literal>
<!ATTLIST XMP
%SDAFORM; "Lit"
%SDAPREF; "Example:&#RE;"
>
<!ATTLIST LISTING
%SDAFORM; "Lit"
%SDAPREF; "Listing:&#RE;"
>
<!-- <XMP> Example section -->
<!-- <LISTING> Computer listing -->
<!ELEMENT PLAINTEXT - O %literal>
<!-- <PLAINTEXT> Plain text passage -->
<!ATTLIST PLAINTEXT
%SDAFORM; "Lit"
>
]]>
<!--========== Lists ==================-->
<!ELEMENT DL - - (DT | DD)+>
<!ATTLIST DL
COMPACT (COMPACT) #IMPLIED
%SDAFORM; "List"
%SDAPREF; "Definition List:"
>
<!ELEMENT DT - O (%text)*>
<!ATTLIST DT
%SDAFORM; "Term"
>
<!ELEMENT DD - O %flow>
<!ATTLIST DD
%SDAFORM; "LItem"
>
<!-- <DL> Definition list, or glossary -->
<!-- <DL COMPACT> Compact style list -->
<!-- <DT> Term in definition list -->
<!-- <DD> Definition of term -->
<!ELEMENT (OL|UL) - - (LI)+>
<!ATTLIST OL
COMPACT (COMPACT) #IMPLIED
%SDAFORM; "List"
>
<!ATTLIST UL
COMPACT (COMPACT) #IMPLIED
%SDAFORM; "List"
>
<!-- <UL> Unordered list -->
<!-- <UL COMPACT> Compact list style -->
<!-- <OL> Ordered, or numbered list -->
<!-- <OL COMPACT> Compact list style -->
<!ELEMENT (DIR|MENU) - - (LI)+ -(%block)>
<!ATTLIST DIR
COMPACT (COMPACT) #IMPLIED
%SDAFORM; "List"
%SDAPREF; "<LHead>Directory</LHead>"
>
<!ATTLIST MENU
COMPACT (COMPACT) #IMPLIED
%SDAFORM; "List"
%SDAPREF; "<LHead>Menu</LHead>"
>
<!-- <DIR> Directory list -->
<!-- <DIR COMPACT> Compact list style -->
<!-- <MENU> Menu list -->
<!-- <MENU COMPACT> Compact list style -->
<!ELEMENT LI - O %flow>
<!ATTLIST LI
%SDAFORM; "LItem"
>
<!-- <LI> List item -->
<!--========== Document Body ===================-->
<![ %HTML.Recommended [
<!ENTITY % body.content "(%heading|%block|HR|ADDRESS|IMG)*"
-- <h1>Heading</h1>
<p>Text ...
is preferred to
<h1>Heading</h1>
Text ...
-->
]]>
<!ENTITY % body.content "(%heading | %text | %block |
HR | ADDRESS)*">
<!ELEMENT BODY O O %body.content>
<!-- <BODY> Document body -->
<!ELEMENT BLOCKQUOTE - - %body.content>
<!ATTLIST BLOCKQUOTE
%SDAFORM; "BQ"
>
<!-- <BLOCKQUOTE> Quoted passage -->
<!ELEMENT ADDRESS - - (%text|P)*>
<!ATTLIST ADDRESS
%SDAFORM; "Lit"
%SDAPREF; "Address:&#RE;"
>
<!-- <ADDRESS> Address, signature, or byline -->
<!--======= Forms ====================-->
<![ %HTML.Forms [
<!ELEMENT FORM - - %body.content -(FORM) +(INPUT|SELECT|TEXTAREA)>
<!ATTLIST FORM
ACTION CDATA #IMPLIED
METHOD (%HTTP-Method) GET
ENCTYPE %Content-Type; "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
%SDAPREF; "<Para>Form:</Para>"
%SDASUFF; "<Para>Form End.</Para>"
>
<!-- <FORM> Fill-out or data-entry form -->
<!-- <FORM ACTION="..."> Address for completed form -->
<!-- <FORM METHOD=...> Method of submitting form -->
<!-- <FORM ENCTYPE="..."> Representation of form data -->
<!ENTITY % InputType "(TEXT | PASSWORD | CHECKBOX |
RADIO | SUBMIT | RESET |
IMAGE | HIDDEN )">
<!ELEMENT INPUT - O EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST INPUT
TYPE %InputType TEXT
NAME CDATA #IMPLIED
VALUE CDATA #IMPLIED
SRC CDATA #IMPLIED
CHECKED (CHECKED) #IMPLIED
SIZE CDATA #IMPLIED
MAXLENGTH NUMBER #IMPLIED
ALIGN (top|middle|bottom) #IMPLIED
%SDAPREF; "Input: "
>
<!-- <INPUT> Form input datum -->
<!-- <INPUT TYPE=...> Type of input interaction -->
<!-- <INPUT NAME=...> Name of form datum -->
<!-- <INPUT VALUE="..."> Default/initial/selected value -->
<!-- <INPUT SRC="..."> Address of image -->
<!-- <INPUT CHECKED> Initial state is "on" -->
<!-- <INPUT SIZE=...> Field size hint -->
<!-- <INPUT MAXLENGTH=...> Data length maximum -->
<!-- <INPUT ALIGN=...> Image alignment -->
<!ELEMENT SELECT - - (OPTION+) -(INPUT|SELECT|TEXTAREA)>
<!ATTLIST SELECT
NAME CDATA #REQUIRED
SIZE NUMBER #IMPLIED
MULTIPLE (MULTIPLE) #IMPLIED
%SDAFORM; "List"
%SDAPREF;
"<LHead>Select #AttVal(Multiple)</LHead>"
>
<!-- <SELECT> Selection of option(s) -->
<!-- <SELECT NAME=...> Name of form datum -->
<!-- <SELECT SIZE=...> Options displayed at a time -->
<!-- <SELECT MULTIPLE> Multiple selections allowed -->
<!ELEMENT OPTION - O (#PCDATA)*>
<!ATTLIST OPTION
SELECTED (SELECTED) #IMPLIED
VALUE CDATA #IMPLIED
%SDAFORM; "LItem"
%SDAPREF;
"Option: #AttVal(Value) #AttVal(Selected)"
>
<!-- <OPTION> A selection option -->
<!-- <OPTION SELECTED> Initial state -->
<!-- <OPTION VALUE="..."> Form datum value for this option-->
<!ELEMENT TEXTAREA - - (#PCDATA)* -(INPUT|SELECT|TEXTAREA)>
<!ATTLIST TEXTAREA
NAME CDATA #REQUIRED
ROWS NUMBER #REQUIRED
COLS NUMBER #REQUIRED
%SDAFORM; "Para"
%SDAPREF; "Input Text -- #AttVal(Name): "
>
<!-- <TEXTAREA> An area for text input -->
<!-- <TEXTAREA NAME=...> Name of form datum -->
<!-- <TEXTAREA ROWS=...> Height of area -->
<!-- <TEXTAREA COLS=...> Width of area -->
]]>
<!--======= Document Head ======================-->
<![ %HTML.Recommended [
<!ENTITY % head.extra "">
]]>
<!ENTITY % head.extra "& NEXTID?">
<!ENTITY % head.content "TITLE & ISINDEX? & BASE? %head.extra">
<!ELEMENT HEAD O O (%head.content) +(META|LINK)>
<!-- <HEAD> Document head -->
<!ELEMENT TITLE - - (#PCDATA)* -(META|LINK)>
<!ATTLIST TITLE
%SDAFORM; "Ti" >
<!-- <TITLE> Title of document -->
<!ELEMENT LINK - O EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST LINK
HREF CDATA #REQUIRED
%linkExtraAttributes;
%SDAPREF; "Linked to : #AttVal (TITLE) (URN) (HREF)>" >
<!-- <LINK> Link from this document -->
<!-- <LINK HREF="..."> Address of link destination -->
<!-- <LINK URN="..."> Lasting name of destination -->
<!-- <LINK REL=...> Relationship to destination -->
<!-- <LINK REV=...> Relationship of destination to this -->
<!-- <LINK TITLE="..."> Title of destination (advisory) -->
<!-- <LINK METHODS="..."> Operations allowed (advisory) -->
<!ELEMENT ISINDEX - O EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST ISINDEX
%SDAPREF;
"<Para>[Document is indexed/searchable.]</Para>">
<!-- <ISINDEX> Document is a searchable index -->
<!ELEMENT BASE - O EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST BASE
HREF CDATA #REQUIRED >
<!-- <BASE> Base context document -->
<!-- <BASE HREF="..."> Address for this document -->
<!ELEMENT NEXTID - O EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST NEXTID
N CDATA #REQUIRED >
<!-- <NEXTID> Next ID to use for link name -->
<!-- <NEXTID N=...> Next ID to use for link name -->
<!ELEMENT META - O EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST META
HTTP-EQUIV NAME #IMPLIED
NAME NAME #IMPLIED
CONTENT CDATA #REQUIRED >
<!-- <META> Generic Meta-information -->
<!-- <META HTTP-EQUIV=...> HTTP response header name -->
<!-- <META NAME=...> Meta-information name -->
<!-- <META CONTENT="..."> Associated information -->
<!--======= Document Structure =================-->
<![ %HTML.Deprecated [
<!ENTITY % html.content "HEAD, BODY, PLAINTEXT?">
]]>
<!ENTITY % html.content "HEAD, BODY">
<!ELEMENT HTML O O (%html.content)>
<!ENTITY % version.attr "VERSION CDATA #FIXED '%HTML.Version;'">
<!ATTLIST HTML
%version.attr;
%SDAFORM; "Book"
>
<!-- <HTML> HTML Document -->
9.2. Strict HTML DTD
This document type declaration refers to the HTML DTD with the
`HTML.Recommended' entity defined as `INCLUDE' rather than IGNORE;
that is, it refers to the more structurally rigid definition of HTML.
<!-- html-s.dtd
Document Type Definition for the HyperText Markup Language
with strict validation (HTML Strict DTD).
$Id: html-s.dtd,v 1.3 1995/06/02 18:55:46 connolly Exp $
Author: Daniel W. Connolly <connolly@w3.org>
See Also: http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html
-->
<!ENTITY % HTML.Version
"-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict//EN"
-- Typical usage:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC
"-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict//EN">
<html>
...
</html>
--
>
<!-- Feature Test Entities -->
<!ENTITY % HTML.Recommended "INCLUDE">
<!ENTITY % html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
%html;
9.3. Level 1 HTML DTD
This document type declaration refers to the HTML DTD with the
`HTML.Forms' entity defined as `IGNORE' rather than `INCLUDE'.
Documents which contain <FORM> elements do not conform to this DTD,
and must use the level 2 DTD.
<!-- html-1.dtd
Document Type Definition for the HyperText Markup Language
with Level 1 Extensions (HTML Level 1 DTD).
$Id: html-1.dtd,v 1.2 1995/03/29 18:53:10 connolly Exp $
Author: Daniel W. Connolly <connolly@w3.org>
See Also: http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html
-->
<!ENTITY % HTML.Version
"-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 1//EN"
-- Typical usage:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC
"-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 1//EN">
<html>
...
</html>
--
>
<!-- Feature Test Entities -->
<!ENTITY % HTML.Forms "IGNORE">
<!ENTITY % html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
%html;
9.4. Strict Level 1 HTML DTD
This document type declaration refers to the level 1 HTML DTD with
the `HTML.Recommended' entity defined as `INCLUDE' rather than
IGNORE; that is, it refers to the more structurally rigid definition
of HTML.
<!-- html-1s.dtd
Document Type Definition for the HyperText Markup Language
Struct Level 1
$Id: html-1s.dtd,v 1.3 1995/06/02 18:55:43 connolly Exp $
Author: Daniel W. Connolly <connolly@w3.org>
See Also: http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html
-->
<!ENTITY % HTML.Version
"-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict Level 1//EN"
-- Typical usage:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC
"-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 1//EN">
<html>
...
</html>
--
>
<!-- Feature Test Entities -->
<!ENTITY % HTML.Recommended "INCLUDE">
<!ENTITY % html-1 PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 1//EN">
%html-1;
9.5. SGML Declaration for HTML This is the SGML Declaration for HyperText Markup Language. <!SGML "ISO 8879:1986" -- SGML Declaration for HyperText Markup Language (HTML). -- CHARSET BASESET "ISO 646:1983//CHARSET International Reference Version (IRV)//ESC 2/5 4/0" DESCSET 0 9 UNUSED 9 2 9 11 2 UNUSED 13 1 13 14 18 UNUSED 32 95 32 127 1 UNUSED BASESET "ISO Registration Number 100//CHARSET ECMA-94 Right Part of Latin Alphabet Nr. 1//ESC 2/13 4/1" DESCSET 128 32 UNUSED 160 96 32 CAPACITY SGMLREF TOTALCAP 150000 GRPCAP 150000 ENTCAP 150000 SCOPE DOCUMENT SYNTAX SHUNCHAR CONTROLS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 127 BASESET "ISO 646:1983//CHARSET International Reference Version (IRV)//ESC 2/5 4/0" DESCSET 0 128 0 FUNCTION RE 13 RS 10 SPACE 32 TAB SEPCHAR 9 NAMING LCNMSTRT "" UCNMSTRT ""
LCNMCHAR ".-"
UCNMCHAR ".-"
NAMECASE GENERAL YES
ENTITY NO
DELIM GENERAL SGMLREF
SHORTREF SGMLREF
NAMES SGMLREF
QUANTITY SGMLREF
ATTSPLEN 2100
LITLEN 1024
NAMELEN 72 -- somewhat arbitrary; taken from
internet line length conventions --
PILEN 1024
TAGLVL 100
TAGLEN 2100
GRPGTCNT 150
GRPCNT 64
FEATURES
MINIMIZE
DATATAG NO
OMITTAG YES
RANK NO
SHORTTAG YES
LINK
SIMPLE NO
IMPLICIT NO
EXPLICIT NO
OTHER
CONCUR NO
SUBDOC NO
FORMAL YES
APPINFO "SDA" -- conforming SGML Document Access application
--
>
<!--
$Id: html.decl,v 1.17 1995/06/08 14:59:32 connolly Exp $
Author: Daniel W. Connolly <connolly@w3.org>
See also: http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html
-->
9.6. Sample SGML Open Entity Catalog for HTML
The SGML standard describes an "entity manager" as the portion or
component of an SGML system that maps SGML entities into the actual
storage model (e.g., the file system). The standard itself does not
define a particular mapping methodology or notation.
To assist the interoperability among various SGML tools and systems,
the SGML Open consortium has passed a technical resolution that
defines a format for an application-independent entity catalog that
maps external identifiers and/or entity names to file names.
Each entry in the catalog associates a storage object identifier
(such as a file name) with information about the external entity that
appears in the SGML document. In addition to entries that associate
public identifiers, a catalog entry can associate an entity name with
a storage object identifier. For example, the following are possible
catalog entries:
-- catalog: SGML Open style entity catalog for HTML --
-- $Id: catalog,v 1.3 1995/09/21 23:30:23 connolly Exp $ --
-- Ways to refer to Level 2: most general to most specific --
PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN" html.dtd
PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN" html.dtd
PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 2//EN" html.dtd
PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 2//EN" html.dtd
-- Ways to refer to Level 1: most general to most specific --
PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 1//EN" html-1.dtd
PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 1//EN" html-1.dtd
-- Ways to refer to
Strict Level 2: most general to most specific --
PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict//EN" html-s.dtd
PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict//EN" html-s.dtd
PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 2//EN" html-s.dtd
PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict Level 2//EN" html-s.dtd
-- Ways to refer to
Strict Level 1: most general to most specific --
PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 1//EN" html-1s.dtd
PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict Level 1//EN" html-1s.dtd
-- ISO latin 1 entity set for HTML --
PUBLIC "ISO 8879-1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN//HTML" ISOlat1\
sgml
9.7. Character Entity Sets
The HTML DTD defines the following entities. They represent
particular graphic characters which have special meanings in places
in the markup, or may not be part of the character set available to
the writer. 9.7.1. Numeric and Special Graphic Entity Set The following table lists each of the characters included from the Numeric and Special Graphic entity set, along with its name, syntax for use, and description. This list is derived from `ISO Standard 8879:1986//ENTITIES Numeric and Special Graphic//EN'. However, HTML does not include for the entire entity set -- only the entities listed below are included. GLYPH NAME SYNTAX DESCRIPTION < lt < Less than sign > gt > Greater than signn & amp & Ampersand " quot " Double quote sign 9.7.2. ISO Latin 1 Character Entity Set The following public text lists each of the characters specified in the Added Latin 1 entity set, along with its name, syntax for use, and description. This list is derived from ISO Standard 8879:1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN. HTML includes the entire entity set. <!-- (C) International Organization for Standardization 1986 Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with conforming SGML systems and applications as defined in ISO 8879, provided this notice is included in all copies. --> <!-- Character entity set. Typical invocation: <!ENTITY % ISOlat1 PUBLIC "ISO 8879-1986//ENTITIES Added Latin 1//EN//HTML"> %ISOlat1; --> <!-- Modified for use in HTML $Id: ISOlat1.sgml,v 1.2 1994/11/30 23:45:12 connolly Exp $ --> <!ENTITY AElig CDATA "Æ" -- capital AE diphthong (ligature) --> <!ENTITY Aacute CDATA "Á" -- capital A, acute accent --> <!ENTITY Acirc CDATA "Â" -- capital A, circumflex accent --> <!ENTITY Agrave CDATA "À" -- capital A, grave accent --> <!ENTITY Aring CDATA "Å" -- capital A, ring --> <!ENTITY Atilde CDATA "Ã" -- capital A, tilde --> <!ENTITY Auml CDATA "Ä" -- capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark --> <!ENTITY Ccedil CDATA "Ç" -- capital C, cedilla --> <!ENTITY ETH CDATA "Ð" -- capital Eth, Icelandic --> <!ENTITY Eacute CDATA "É" -- capital E, acute accent --> <!ENTITY Ecirc CDATA "Ê" -- capital E, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY Egrave CDATA "È" -- capital E, grave accent --> <!ENTITY Euml CDATA "Ë" -- capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark --> <!ENTITY Iacute CDATA "Í" -- capital I, acute accent --> <!ENTITY Icirc CDATA "Î" -- capital I, circumflex accent --> <!ENTITY Igrave CDATA "Ì" -- capital I, grave accent --> <!ENTITY Iuml CDATA "Ï" -- capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark --> <!ENTITY Ntilde CDATA "Ñ" -- capital N, tilde --> <!ENTITY Oacute CDATA "Ó" -- capital O, acute accent --> <!ENTITY Ocirc CDATA "Ô" -- capital O, circumflex accent --> <!ENTITY Ograve CDATA "Ò" -- capital O, grave accent --> <!ENTITY Oslash CDATA "Ø" -- capital O, slash --> <!ENTITY Otilde CDATA "Õ" -- capital O, tilde --> <!ENTITY Ouml CDATA "Ö" -- capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark --> <!ENTITY THORN CDATA "Þ" -- capital THORN, Icelandic --> <!ENTITY Uacute CDATA "Ú" -- capital U, acute accent --> <!ENTITY Ucirc CDATA "Û" -- capital U, circumflex accent --> <!ENTITY Ugrave CDATA "Ù" -- capital U, grave accent --> <!ENTITY Uuml CDATA "Ü" -- capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark --> <!ENTITY Yacute CDATA "Ý" -- capital Y, acute accent --> <!ENTITY aacute CDATA "á" -- small a, acute accent --> <!ENTITY acirc CDATA "â" -- small a, circumflex accent --> <!ENTITY aelig CDATA "æ" -- small ae diphthong (ligature) --> <!ENTITY agrave CDATA "à" -- small a, grave accent --> <!ENTITY aring CDATA "å" -- small a, ring --> <!ENTITY atilde CDATA "ã" -- small a, tilde --> <!ENTITY auml CDATA "ä" -- small a, dieresis or umlaut mark --> <!ENTITY ccedil CDATA "ç" -- small c, cedilla --> <!ENTITY eacute CDATA "é" -- small e, acute accent --> <!ENTITY ecirc CDATA "ê" -- small e, circumflex accent --> <!ENTITY egrave CDATA "è" -- small e, grave accent --> <!ENTITY eth CDATA "ð" -- small eth, Icelandic --> <!ENTITY euml CDATA "ë" -- small e, dieresis or umlaut mark --> <!ENTITY iacute CDATA "í" -- small i, acute accent --> <!ENTITY icirc CDATA "î" -- small i, circumflex accent --> <!ENTITY igrave CDATA "ì" -- small i, grave accent --> <!ENTITY iuml CDATA "ï" -- small i, dieresis or umlaut mark --> <!ENTITY ntilde CDATA "ñ" -- small n, tilde --> <!ENTITY oacute CDATA "ó" -- small o, acute accent --> <!ENTITY ocirc CDATA "ô" -- small o, circumflex accent --> <!ENTITY ograve CDATA "ò" -- small o, grave accent --> <!ENTITY oslash CDATA "ø" -- small o, slash --> <!ENTITY otilde CDATA "õ" -- small o, tilde --> <!ENTITY ouml CDATA "ö" -- small o, dieresis or umlaut mark --> <!ENTITY szlig CDATA "ß" -- small sharp s, German (sz ligature)-> <!ENTITY thorn CDATA "þ" -- small thorn, Icelandic --> <!ENTITY uacute CDATA "ú" -- small u, acute accent --> <!ENTITY ucirc CDATA "û" -- small u, circumflex accent --> <!ENTITY ugrave CDATA "ù" -- small u, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY uuml CDATA "ü" -- small u, dieresis or umlaut mark --> <!ENTITY yacute CDATA "ý" -- small y, acute accent --> <!ENTITY yuml CDATA "ÿ" -- small y, dieresis or umlaut mark --> 10. Security Considerations Anchors, embedded images, and all other elements which contain URIs as parameters may cause the URI to be dereferenced in response to user input. In this case, the security considerations of [URL] apply. The widely deployed methods for submitting forms requests -- HTTP and SMTP -- provide little assurance of confidentiality. Information providers who request sensitive information via forms -- especially by way of the `PASSWORD' type input field (see 8.1.2, "Input Field: INPUT") -- should be aware and make their users aware of the lack of confidentiality. 11. References [URI] Berners-Lee, T., "Universal Resource Identifiers in WWW: A Unifying Syntax for the Expression of Names and Addresses of Objects on the Network as used in the World- Wide Web", RFC 1630, CERN, June 1994. <URL:ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1630.txt> [URL] Berners-Lee, T., Masinter, L., and M. McCahill, "Uniform Resource Locators (URL)", RFC 1738, CERN, Xerox PARC, University of Minnesota, December 1994. <URL:ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1738.txt> [HTTP] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and H. Frystyk Nielsen, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol - HTTP/1.0", Work in Progress, MIT, UC Irvine, CERN, March 1995. [MIME] Borenstein, N., and N. Freed. "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing the Format of Internet Message Bodies", RFC 1521, Bellcore, Innosoft, September 1993. <URL:ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1521.txt> [RELURL] Fielding, R., "Relative Uniform Resource Locators", RFC 1808, June 1995 <URL:ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1808.txt>
[GOLD90]
Goldfarb, C., "The SGML Handbook", Y. Rubinsky, Ed.,
Oxford University Press, 1990.
[DEXTER]
Frank Halasz and Mayer Schwartz, "The Dexter Hypertext
Reference Model", Communications of the ACM, pp.
30-39, vol. 37 no. 2, Feb 1994.
[IMEDIA]
Postel, J., "Media Type Registration Procedure",
RFC 1590, USC/Information Sciences Institute, March 1994.
<URL:ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1590.txt>
[IANA]
Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2,
RFC 1700, USC/Information Sciecnes Institute, October
1994. <URL:ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1700.txt>
[SQ91]
SoftQuad. "The SGML Primer", 3rd ed., SoftQuad Inc.,
1991. <URL:http://www.sq.com/>
[ISO-646]
ISO/IEC 646:1991 Information technology -- ISO 7-bit
coded character set for information interchange
<URL:http://www.iso.ch/cate/d4777.html>
[ISO-10646]
ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993 Information technology -- Universal
Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) -- Part 1:
Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane
<URL:http://www.iso.ch/cate/d18741.html>
[ISO-8859-1]
ISO 8859. International Standard -- Information
Processing -- 8-bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character
Sets -- Part 1: Latin Alphabet No. 1, ISO 8859-1:1987.
<URL:http://www.iso.ch/cate/d16338.html>
[SGML]
ISO 8879. Information Processing -- Text and Office
Systems - Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML),
1986. <URL:http://www.iso.ch/cate/d16387.html>
12. Acknowledgments The HTML document type was designed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN as part of the 1990 World Wide Web project. In 1992, Dan Connolly wrote the HTML Document Type Definition (DTD) and a brief HTML specification. Since 1993, a wide variety of Internet participants have contributed to the evolution of HTML, which has included the addition of in-line images introduced by the NCSA Mosaic software for WWW. Dave Raggett played an important role in deriving the forms material from the HTML+ specification. Dan Connolly and Karen Olson Muldrow rewrote the HTML Specification in 1994. The document was then edited by the HTML working group as a whole, with updates being made by Eric Schieler, Mike Knezovich, and Eric W. Sink at Spyglass, Inc. Finally, Roy Fielding restructured the entire draft into its current form. Special thanks to the many active participants in the HTML working group, too numerous to list individually, without whom there would be no standards process and no standard. That this document approaches its objective of carefully converging a description of current practice and formalization of HTML's relationship to SGML is a tribute to their effort. 12.1. Authors' Addresses Tim Berners-Lee Director, W3 Consortium MIT Laboratory for Computer Science 545 Technology Square Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. Phone: +1 (617) 253 9670 Fax: +1 (617) 258 8682 EMail: timbl@w3.org Daniel W. Connolly Research Technical Staff, W3 Consortium MIT Laboratory for Computer Science 545 Technology Square Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. Phone: +1 (617) 258 8682 EMail: connolly@w3.org URI: http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/People/Connolly/
13. The HTML Coded Character Set This list details the code positions and characters of the HTML document character set, specified in 9.5, "SGML Declaration for HTML". This coded character set is based on [ISO-8859-1]. REFERENCE DESCRIPTION -------------- ----------- � -  Unused 	 Horizontal tab Line feed  -  Unused Carriage Return  -  Unused   Space ! Exclamation mark " Quotation mark # Number sign $ Dollar sign % Percent sign & Ampersand ' Apostrophe ( Left parenthesis ) Right parenthesis * Asterisk + Plus sign , Comma - Hyphen . Period (fullstop) / Solidus (slash) 0 - 9 Digits 0-9 : Colon ; Semi-colon < Less than = Equals sign > Greater than ? Question mark @ Commercial at A - Z Letters A-Z [ Left square bracket \ Reverse solidus (backslash) ] Right square bracket ^ Caret _ Horizontal bar (underscore) ` Acute accent a - z Letters a-z { Left curly brace | Vertical bar
} Right curly brace
~ Tilde
 - Ÿ Unused
  Non-breaking Space
¡ Inverted exclamation
¢ Cent sign
£ Pound sterling
¤ General currency sign
¥ Yen sign
¦ Broken vertical bar
§ Section sign
¨ Umlaut (dieresis)
© Copyright
ª Feminine ordinal
« Left angle quote, guillemotleft
¬ Not sign
­ Soft hyphen
® Registered trademark
¯ Macron accent
° Degree sign
± Plus or minus
² Superscript two
³ Superscript three
´ Acute accent
µ Micro sign
¶ Paragraph sign
· Middle dot
¸ Cedilla
¹ Superscript one
º Masculine ordinal
» Right angle quote, guillemotright
¼ Fraction one-fourth
½ Fraction one-half
¾ Fraction three-fourths
¿ Inverted question mark
À Capital A, grave accent
Á Capital A, acute accent
 Capital A, circumflex accent
à Capital A, tilde
Ä Capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark
Å Capital A, ring
Æ Capital AE dipthong (ligature)
Ç Capital C, cedilla
È Capital E, grave accent
É Capital E, acute accent
Ê Capital E, circumflex accent
Ë Capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark
Ì Capital I, grave accent
Í Capital I, acute accent
Î Capital I, circumflex accent
Ï Capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark
Ð Capital Eth, Icelandic
Ñ Capital N, tilde
Ò Capital O, grave accent
Ó Capital O, acute accent
Ô Capital O, circumflex accent
Õ Capital O, tilde
Ö Capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark
× Multiply sign
Ø Capital O, slash
Ù Capital U, grave accent
Ú Capital U, acute accent
Û Capital U, circumflex accent
Ü Capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark
Ý Capital Y, acute accent
Þ Capital THORN, Icelandic
ß Small sharp s, German (sz ligature)
à Small a, grave accent
á Small a, acute accent
â Small a, circumflex accent
ã Small a, tilde
ä Small a, dieresis or umlaut mark
å Small a, ring
æ Small ae dipthong (ligature)
ç Small c, cedilla
è Small e, grave accent
é Small e, acute accent
ê Small e, circumflex accent
ë Small e, dieresis or umlaut mark
ì Small i, grave accent
í Small i, acute accent
î Small i, circumflex accent
ï Small i, dieresis or umlaut mark
ð Small eth, Icelandic
ñ Small n, tilde
ò Small o, grave accent
ó Small o, acute accent
ô Small o, circumflex accent
õ Small o, tilde
ö Small o, dieresis or umlaut mark
÷ Division sign
ø Small o, slash
ù Small u, grave accent
ú Small u, acute accent
û Small u, circumflex accent
ü Small u, dieresis or umlaut mark
ý Small y, acute accent
þ Small thorn, Icelandic
ÿ Small y, dieresis or umlaut mark
14. Proposed Entities
The HTML DTD references the "Added Latin 1" entity set, which only
supplies named entities for a subset of the non-ASCII characters in
[ISO-8859-1], namely the accented characters. The following entities
should be supported so that all ISO 8859-1 characters may only be
referenced symbolically. The names for these entities are taken from
the appendixes of [SGML].
<!ENTITY nbsp CDATA " " -- no-break space -->
<!ENTITY iexcl CDATA "¡" -- inverted exclamation mark -->
<!ENTITY cent CDATA "¢" -- cent sign -->
<!ENTITY pound CDATA "£" -- pound sterling sign -->
<!ENTITY curren CDATA "¤" -- general currency sign -->
<!ENTITY yen CDATA "¥" -- yen sign -->
<!ENTITY brvbar CDATA "¦" -- broken (vertical) bar -->
<!ENTITY sect CDATA "§" -- section sign -->
<!ENTITY uml CDATA "¨" -- umlaut (dieresis) -->
<!ENTITY copy CDATA "©" -- copyright sign -->
<!ENTITY ordf CDATA "ª" -- ordinal indicator, feminine -->
<!ENTITY laquo CDATA "«" -- angle quotation mark, left -->
<!ENTITY not CDATA "¬" -- not sign -->
<!ENTITY shy CDATA "­" -- soft hyphen -->
<!ENTITY reg CDATA "®" -- registered sign -->
<!ENTITY macr CDATA "¯" -- macron -->
<!ENTITY deg CDATA "°" -- degree sign -->
<!ENTITY plusmn CDATA "±" -- plus-or-minus sign -->
<!ENTITY sup2 CDATA "²" -- superscript two -->
<!ENTITY sup3 CDATA "³" -- superscript three -->
<!ENTITY acute CDATA "´" -- acute accent -->
<!ENTITY micro CDATA "µ" -- micro sign -->
<!ENTITY para CDATA "¶" -- pilcrow (paragraph sign) -->
<!ENTITY middot CDATA "·" -- middle dot -->
<!ENTITY cedil CDATA "¸" -- cedilla -->
<!ENTITY sup1 CDATA "¹" -- superscript one -->
<!ENTITY ordm CDATA "º" -- ordinal indicator, masculine -->
<!ENTITY raquo CDATA "»" -- angle quotation mark, right -->
<!ENTITY frac14 CDATA "¼" -- fraction one-quarter -->
<!ENTITY frac12 CDATA "½" -- fraction one-half -->
<!ENTITY frac34 CDATA "¾" -- fraction three-quarters -->
<!ENTITY iquest CDATA "¿" -- inverted question mark -->
<!ENTITY Agrave CDATA "À" -- capital A, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY Aacute CDATA "Á" -- capital A, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY Acirc CDATA "Â" -- capital A, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY Atilde CDATA "Ã" -- capital A, tilde -->
<!ENTITY Auml CDATA "Ä" -- capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY Aring CDATA "Å" -- capital A, ring -->
<!ENTITY AElig CDATA "Æ" -- capital AE diphthong (ligature) -->
<!ENTITY Ccedil CDATA "Ç" -- capital C, cedilla -->
<!ENTITY Egrave CDATA "È" -- capital E, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY Eacute CDATA "É" -- capital E, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY Ecirc CDATA "Ê" -- capital E, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY Euml CDATA "Ë" -- capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY Igrave CDATA "Ì" -- capital I, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY Iacute CDATA "Í" -- capital I, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY Icirc CDATA "Î" -- capital I, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY Iuml CDATA "Ï" -- capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY ETH CDATA "Ð" -- capital Eth, Icelandic -->
<!ENTITY Ntilde CDATA "Ñ" -- capital N, tilde -->
<!ENTITY Ograve CDATA "Ò" -- capital O, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY Oacute CDATA "Ó" -- capital O, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY Ocirc CDATA "Ô" -- capital O, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY Otilde CDATA "Õ" -- capital O, tilde -->
<!ENTITY Ouml CDATA "Ö" -- capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY times CDATA "×" -- multiply sign -->
<!ENTITY Oslash CDATA "Ø" -- capital O, slash -->
<!ENTITY Ugrave CDATA "Ù" -- capital U, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY Uacute CDATA "Ú" -- capital U, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY Ucirc CDATA "Û" -- capital U, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY Uuml CDATA "Ü" -- capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY Yacute CDATA "Ý" -- capital Y, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY THORN CDATA "Þ" -- capital THORN, Icelandic -->
<!ENTITY szlig CDATA "ß" -- small sharp s, German (sz ligature) -->
<!ENTITY agrave CDATA "à" -- small a, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY aacute CDATA "á" -- small a, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY acirc CDATA "â" -- small a, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY atilde CDATA "ã" -- small a, tilde -->
<!ENTITY auml CDATA "ä" -- small a, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY aring CDATA "å" -- small a, ring -->
<!ENTITY aelig CDATA "æ" -- small ae diphthong (ligature) -->
<!ENTITY ccedil CDATA "ç" -- small c, cedilla -->
<!ENTITY egrave CDATA "è" -- small e, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY eacute CDATA "é" -- small e, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY ecirc CDATA "ê" -- small e, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY euml CDATA "ë" -- small e, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY igrave CDATA "ì" -- small i, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY iacute CDATA "í" -- small i, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY icirc CDATA "î" -- small i, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY iuml CDATA "ï" -- small i, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY eth CDATA "ð" -- small eth, Icelandic -->
<!ENTITY ntilde CDATA "ñ" -- small n, tilde -->
<!ENTITY ograve CDATA "ò" -- small o, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY oacute CDATA "ó" -- small o, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY ocirc CDATA "ô" -- small o, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY otilde CDATA "õ" -- small o, tilde -->
<!ENTITY ouml CDATA "ö" -- small o, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY divide CDATA "÷" -- divide sign -->
<!ENTITY oslash CDATA "ø" -- small o, slash -->
<!ENTITY ugrave CDATA "ù" -- small u, grave accent -->
<!ENTITY uacute CDATA "ú" -- small u, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY ucirc CDATA "û" -- small u, circumflex accent -->
<!ENTITY uuml CDATA "ü" -- small u, dieresis or umlaut mark -->
<!ENTITY yacute CDATA "ý" -- small y, acute accent -->
<!ENTITY thorn CDATA "þ" -- small thorn, Icelandic -->
<!ENTITY yuml CDATA "ÿ" -- small y, dieresis or umlaut mark -->