The present document captures the findings of the study item "Study on NR positioning support" [1]. The purpose of the present document is to support NR positioning in TSG RAN WG1, WG2 and WG3 to properly model and evaluate the performance of NR positioning solutions in deployment scenarios representing relevant use cases, both regulatory and commercial.

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The 3GPP NR radio-technology is uniquely positioned to provide added value in terms of enhanced location capabilities. The operation in low and high frequency bands (i.e. below and above 6GHz) and utilization of massive antenna arrays provides additional degrees of freedom to substantially improve the positioning accuracy. The possibility to use wide signal bandwidth in low and especially in high bands brings new performance bounds for user location for well-known positioning techniques based DL-TDOA and UL-TDOA, Cell-ID or E-Cell-ID etc., utilizing timing measurements to locate UE. The recent advances in massive antenna systems (massive MIMO) can provide additional degrees of freedom to enable more accurate user location by exploiting spatial and angular domains of propagation channel in combination with time measurements. A general description of location services and service requirements are given in TS 22.071. Rel-15 NR WI specified Cell-ID, inter-RAT and RAT-independent positioning methods by reusing LPP, but NR standalone based RAT-dependent positioning was excluded. According to [4], the 5G system shall support the use of 3GPP and non-3GPP technologies to achieve higher accuracy positioning. The corresponding positioning information shall be acquired in a timely fashion, be reliable, and be available (e.g., it is possible to determine the position). The 3GPP system also presents 5G communication for automation in vertical domains [5]. This is communication that is involved in the production of and working on work pieces and goods, and/or the delivery of services in the physical world. Such communication often necessitates low latency, high reliability, and high communication service availability. The SA1 HYPOS study [6] focused on positioning use cases in indoor and outdoor environments. The technical report [7] complements existing work on 5G use cases involving positioning needs in order to identify potential requirements for 5G positioning services. The document further develops the identified use cases by providing some considerations on the suitability of positioning technologies to these use cases. The following requirements were captured in [8]. NR should enable, and improve if suitable, state-of-art positioning techniques, such as RAN-embedded (Cell-ID, E-Cell ID, DL-TDOA, UL-TDOA, etc.) and RAN-external (GNSS, Bluetooth, WLAN, Terrestrial Beacon Systems (TBS), sensors, etc.). NR positioning shall exploit high bandwidth, massive antenna systems, network architecture/ functionalities (e.g. heterogeneous networks, broadcast, MBMS) and deployment of massive number of devices. NR positioning shall support indoors and outdoors use cases. NR shall support regulatory positioning requirements. NR design targets for commercial positioning use cases include:

1. Support for range of accuracy levels, latency levels and device categories
2. Support accuracy and latency as defined in TR 22.862 for some use cases
3. Reduced network complexity
4. Reduced device cost
5. Reduced device power consumption
6. Efficient signalling over the air interface and in the network
7. Support for hybrid positioning methods
8. Scalability (support for large number of devices)
9. High security
10. High availability
11. Support UE speed as defined in [9]

Regulatory requirements are considered as a minimum performance targets for NR Positioning studies. Additional requirements based on commercial use cases can be used as input performance targets that are subject to further analysis in terms of performance/ complexity tradeoffs in different evaluation scenarios. For regulatory use cases, the following requirements are considered as a minimum performance targets for NR positioning:

• Horizontal positioning error ≤ 50m for 80% of UEs
• Vertical positioning error <5 m for 80% of UEs
• End to end latency and TTFF < 30 seconds

As a starting point for commercial use cases, the following requirements are considered as performance targets for RAT dependent solutions, which are subject to further analysis in terms of performance/ complexity tradeoffs of NR positioning radio-layer solutions:

• Horizontal positioning error < 3m for 80% of UEs in indoor deployment scenarios
• Vertical positioning error < 3m for 80% of UEs in indoor deployment scenarios
• Horizontal positioning error < 10m for 80% of UEs in outdoor deployments scenarios
• Vertical positioning error < 3m for 80% of UEs in outdoor deployment scenarios
• End to end latency < 1s
• Notes:
  • This does not eliminate more or less demanding commercial use cases.
  • For commercial use cases, indoor deployment means indoor deployed UEs and gNBs.
  • For commercial use cases, outdoor deployment means outdoor deployed UEs and gNBs.