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Content for  TR 38.855  Word version:  16.0.0

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1  ScopeWord‑p. 7

The present document captures the findings of the study item "Study on NR positioning support" [1]. The purpose of the present document is to support NR positioning in TSG RAN WG1, WG2 and WG3 to properly model and evaluate the performance of NR positioning solutions in deployment scenarios representing relevant use cases, both regulatory and commercial.

2  References

The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document.
  • References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non specific.
  • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
  • For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same Release as the present document.
    The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document.
[1]
RP-182155, "SID, "Study on NR positioning support"
[2]
TR 21.905: "Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications".
[3]
TS 22.071: "Location Services (LCS); Service description; Stage 1".
[4]
TS 22.261: "Service requirements for next generation new services and markets"
[5]
TR 22.804: "Study on Communication for Automation in Vertical domains (CAV)"
[6]
SP-170589, "New SID on Study on positioning use cases"
[7]
TR 22.872: "Study on positioning use cases"
[8]
TR 38.913: "Study on scenarios and requirements for next generation access technologies"
[9]
TR 22.862: "Feasibility study on new services and markets technology enablers for critical communications; Stage 1"
[10]
R1-1901577, "Performance evaluations for NR positioning", Huawei, HiSilicon
[11]
R1-1901717, "Evaluation for RAT-Dependent Positioning Techniques", vivo
[12]
R1-1901781, "System-level evaluations on Rat-dependent positioning", ZTE Corporation, Sanechips
[13]
R1-1903331, "System level performance with explicit link level simulation for downlink OTDOA and angle based techniques", MediaTek Inc.
[14]
R1-1901850, "Updated system level simulation results for NR Positioning", Nokia, Nokia Shanghai Bell
[15]
R1- 1903222, "Updated System-level Performance Evaluation for NR Positioning", CATT
[16]
R1- 1903347, "Discussion on Performance Evaluation for RAT-Dependent Positioning Techniques", LG Electronics
[17]
R1-1902246, "System-level Performance Evaluation for RAT-Dependent Positioning Techniques", Samsung
[18]
R1-1902397, "System-level Performance Evaluation for SSB Angle Based Positioning", Polaris Wireless
[19]
R1-1902514, "NR Positioning Evaluation Results", Intel Corporation
[20]
R1-1902550, "System level simulations for OTDOA", ESA
[21]
R1-1902698, "System-level Performance Evaluation of Co-band TBS for TR 38.855", BUPT, ZTE, CAICT
[22]
R1-1903386, "Evaluation results for NR positioning", Mitsubishi Electric Co.
[23]
R1-1903021, "Evaluation results for RAT-dependent positioning Techniques", Qualcomm Incorporated
[24]
R1-1903054, "SLS results for NR positioning potential solutions", Fraunhofer IIS, Fraunhofer HHI
[25]
R1-1903142, "System-level Performance Evaluation for RAT-Dependent Positioning Techniques", Ericsson
[26]
R1-1900236, "Performance evaluation for hybrid positioning based on GNSS and NR", ESA.
[27]
ETSI TS 103 246-3, "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); GNSS based location systems; Part 3: Performance requirements," V1.1.1, July 2015.
[28]
TS 36.355: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)".
[29]
RTCM Standard 10403.3, "Differential GNSS, (Global Navigation Satellite Systems), Services - Version 3", October 7 2016.
[30]
R2-1806601, "RAN2#101bis Report of 3GPP TSG RAN WG2 meeting #101bis Sanya", China, 16-20 April 2018
[31]
"Quasi-Zenith Satellite System Interface Specification, Centimeter Level Augmentation Service", IS-QZSS-L6-001, 5 November 2018, Cabinet Office.
[32]
RP-170813, "New WID: UE Positioning Accuracy Enhancements for LTE", Nokia, Alcatel-Lucent Shanghai Bell, RAN#75, Dubrovnik, Croatia, March 2017.
[33]
TS 23.271: "Functional stage 2 description of Location Services (LCS)"
[34]
TS 38.805: "Stage 2 functional specification of User Equipment (UE) positioning in NR"
[35]
TS 36.211: "E-UTRA Physical channels and modulation", V15.3.0, September 2018.
[36]
"Fourth Report and Order, In the Matter of Wireless E911 Location Accuracy Requirements," PS Docket No. 07-114, Federal Communications Commission, Washington, D.C., February 3, 2015.
[37]
R1-1902549, "TP on hybrid positioning and GNSS enhancements for TR 38.855", ESA, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, u-blox AG
[38]
R1-1901578, "Positioning with GNSS", Huawei, HiSilicon
[39]
R1-1903022, "GNSS-RTK and Hybrid Positioning for NG-RAN", Qualcomm
[40]
R1-1810801, "Techniques for NR Positioning", Intel Corporation
[41]
R1-1902516, "Reporting of Received Signal Waveform to Boost NR Positioning Performance", Intel Corporation
[42]
R1-1903020, "RAT-dependent DL & UL NR positioning techniques", Qualcomm Incorporated
[43]
R1-1900918, "RAT Independent and Hybrid Positioning Solutions", Qualcomm Incorporated
[44]
R1-1901576, "Remaining issues on DL & UL positioning", Huawei, HiSilicon
[45]
R1-1901263, "On single-BS positioning technique", Huawei, HiSilicon
[46]
R1-1903239, "On downlink OTDOA and angle based techniques", MediaTek
[47]
R1-1812236, "Potential techniques for NR positioning", Huawei
[48]
R1-1901716, "Views on NR DL & UL positioning techniques", vivo
[49]
R1-1901847, "DL based NR Positioning", Nokia, Nokia Shanghai Bell
[50]
R1-1902836, "Views on DL and UL positioning techniques", Mitsubishi Electric Co
[51]
R1-1901980, "Further discussion of NR RAT-dependent DL positioning", CATT
[52]
R1-1901981, "Further discussion of NR RAT-dependent UL positioning", CATT
[53]
R1-1903055, "Carrier Phase enhanced potential solution for NR positioning schemes", Fraunhofer IIS, Fraunhofer HHI
[54]
R1-1903346, "Discussions on DL only based Positioning", LG Electronics
[55]
R1-1902101, "Discussions on Combination of DL & UL based Positioning", LG Electronics
[56]
TS 38.305: "NG Radio Access Network (NG-RAN); Stage 2 functional specification of User Equipment (UE) positioning in NG-RAN"
[57]
TR 23.731: "Study on Enhancement to the 5GC LoCation Services"
[58]
TS 38.455: "NG-RAN; NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa)".
[59]
ETSI TS 103 246-3 V1.1.1 (2015-07): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); GNSS based location systems; Part 3: Performance requirements"
[60]
R1-1901718, "Views on potential techniques for NR RAT-Independent positioning", vivo
[61]
R1-1901984, "Further discussion of NR Hybrid Positioning Techniques", CATT
[62]
R1-1902103, "Discussion on Potential Hybrid Techniques of RAT-Independent and RAT-Dependent Positioning", LG Electronics
[63]
R1-1902190, "Considerations on RAT Independent and Hybrid Positioning for NR", Sony
[64]
R1-1902247, "Potential Techniques for NR RAT Independent Positioning", Samsung
[65]
R1-1903143, "NR RAT Independent and Hybrid Positioning Solutions", Ericsson
[66]
TS 38.211: "NR, Physical channels and modulation", V15.3.0, September 2018.
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3  Definitions and abbreviationsWord‑p. 9

3.1  Definitions

For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in TR 21.905 and the following apply. A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in TR 21.905.

3.2  AbbreviationsWord‑p. 10

For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in TR 21.905 and the following apply. An abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in TR 21.905.
CID
Cell ID
CDF
Cumulative Distribution Function
ECID
Enhanced Cell ID
GNSS
Global Navigation Satellite System
LCS
LoCation Services
LPP
LTE Positioning Protocol
DL-TDOA
Downlink Time Difference Of Arrival
TBS
Terrestrial Beacon System
TTFF
Time To First Fix
UL-TDOA
Uplink Time Difference Of Arrival
WLAN
Wireless Local Area Network
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4  General description of NR positioning

The 3GPP NR radio-technology is uniquely positioned to provide added value in terms of enhanced location capabilities. The operation in low and high frequency bands (i.e. below and above 6GHz) and utilization of massive antenna arrays provides additional degrees of freedom to substantially improve the positioning accuracy. The possibility to use wide signal bandwidth in low and especially in high bands brings new performance bounds for user location for well-known positioning techniques based DL-TDOA and UL-TDOA, Cell-ID or E-Cell-ID etc., utilizing timing measurements to locate UE. The recent advances in massive antenna systems (massive MIMO) can provide additional degrees of freedom to enable more accurate user location by exploiting spatial and angular domains of propagation channel in combination with time measurements.
A general description of location services and service requirements are given in TS 22.071.
Rel-15 NR WI specified Cell-ID, inter-RAT and RAT-independent positioning methods by reusing LPP, but NR standalone based RAT-dependent positioning was excluded.
According to [4], the 5G system shall support the use of 3GPP and non-3GPP technologies to achieve higher accuracy positioning. The corresponding positioning information shall be acquired in a timely fashion, be reliable, and be available (e.g., it is possible to determine the position). The 3GPP system also presents 5G communication for automation in vertical domains [5]. This is communication that is involved in the production of and working on work pieces and goods, and/or the delivery of services in the physical world. Such communication often necessitates low latency, high reliability, and high communication service availability.
The SA1 HYPOS study [6] focused on positioning use cases in indoor and outdoor environments. The technical report [7] complements existing work on 5G use cases involving positioning needs in order to identify potential requirements for 5G positioning services. The document further develops the identified use cases by providing some considerations on the suitability of positioning technologies to these use cases.
The following requirements were captured in [8]. NR should enable, and improve if suitable, state-of-art positioning techniques, such as RAN-embedded (Cell-ID, E-Cell ID, DL-TDOA, UL-TDOA, etc.) and RAN-external (GNSS, Bluetooth, WLAN, Terrestrial Beacon Systems (TBS), sensors, etc.). NR positioning shall exploit high bandwidth, massive antenna systems, network architecture/ functionalities (e.g. heterogeneous networks, broadcast, MBMS) and deployment of massive number of devices. NR positioning shall support indoors and outdoors use cases.
NR shall support regulatory positioning requirements.
NR design targets for commercial positioning use cases include:
  1. Support for range of accuracy levels, latency levels and device categories
  2. Support accuracy and latency as defined in TR 22.862 for some use cases
  3. Reduced network complexity
  4. Reduced device cost
  5. Reduced device power consumption
  6. Efficient signalling over the air interface and in the network
  7. Support for hybrid positioning methods
  8. Scalability (support for large number of devices)
  9. High security
  10. High availability
  11. Support UE speed as defined in [9]
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5  Rel-16 NR positioning requirementsWord‑p. 11

Regulatory requirements are considered as a minimum performance targets for NR Positioning studies. Additional requirements based on commercial use cases can be used as input performance targets that are subject to further analysis in terms of performance/ complexity tradeoffs in different evaluation scenarios. For regulatory use cases, the following requirements are considered as a minimum performance targets for NR positioning:
  • Horizontal positioning error ≤ 50m for 80% of UEs
  • Vertical positioning error <5 m for 80% of UEs
  • End to end latency and TTFF < 30 seconds
As a starting point for commercial use cases, the following requirements are considered as performance targets for RAT dependent solutions, which are subject to further analysis in terms of performance/ complexity tradeoffs of NR positioning radio-layer solutions:
  • Horizontal positioning error < 3m for 80% of UEs in indoor deployment scenarios
  • Vertical positioning error < 3m for 80% of UEs in indoor deployment scenarios
  • Horizontal positioning error < 10m for 80% of UEs in outdoor deployments scenarios
  • Vertical positioning error < 3m for 80% of UEs in outdoor deployment scenarios
  • End to end latency < 1s
  • Notes:
    • This does not eliminate more or less demanding commercial use cases.
    • For commercial use cases, indoor deployment means indoor deployed UEs and gNBs.
    • For commercial use cases, outdoor deployment means outdoor deployed UEs and gNBs.
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