Content for  TR 22.837  Word version:  19.4.0

Compared with wearable devices, contactless sensing technologies have more advantages in health status detection. 3GPP system are designed for catering people's communication purpose, whose wireless signals are very rich and can be accessible ubiquitously. With additional processing, 3GPP system will breed new opportunities with contactless sensing technologies applied, such as smart health, smart home, smart city and even smart space. Sleep Monitoring application describes the case that a human's sleep situation is monitored without any wearable device [31]. Instead of utilizing capacitors as propagation medium, Sleep Monitoring application effectively reuses the current ubiquitously accessible medium, that is wireless signals to realize the sensing purpose. People's presence, movement and even respiration will affect the wireless signal propagation, which on the receiving side will be presented as the fluctuation of waveform's intensity, phase shift and etc. Figure 5.15.1-1 describes how the wireless signals that are propagated via the established direct network connection (i.e. between the radio access network and 5G UE) will be affected and distorted by the target sensing object. Generally, when people are sleeping, regular chest rise and fall will cause additional vibration of the target object when detecting the doppler [37], this is defined as the micro doppler effect in radar [32]. By observing the micro doppler effect, people's respiration rate per minute can be counted.

This sleep monitoring application can help to diagnose early symptoms of some diseases, e.g. milder symptoms of sleep apnea before it develops worse [41]. Through monitoring people's breathing, i.e. respiration rate, and the breathing stoppage duration, the application server can give instructions to the user on whether or not the user is experiencing sleep apnea, and the user in return can adjust lifestyles such as losing weight or quitting smoking to avoid worse cases.

• A person's respiratory rate is the number of breaths you take per minute. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute. A respiration rate under 12 or over 25 breaths per minute while resting is considered abnormal [42].
• The breathing stoppage duration is the amount of time that a sleep apnea patient stops breathing, which can be from 10 seconds to two minutes or more [41]. We take breathing stoppage duration = 10 seconds for example as the trigger of the event reporting to the application server. When the user triggers this sensing service, the sensing system will monitor this special event and report it to the application server.

The device installing this sleep monitoring application is 5G UE. There is a service agreement between MNO and sleep monitoring operator. The MNO can also be the sleep monitoring application provider.

1. The application user Bob triggers the sleep monitoring application on the 5G UE. When the application server receives the request, the application server contacts the 5G system to trigger the sensing service to monitor Bob's respiration rate.
2. 5G system discovers a base station (or CPE) to start the sleep monitoring sensing service.
3. The base station (or CPE) coordinates with Bob's phone (5G UE) to perform the sensing measurement process. The base station and the 5G UE can be transmitter and receiver or vice versa. The receiver measures the 5G wireless signals (e.g., number of detected transmission paths, micro doppler shift, etc.) and collects them as the 3GPP sensing data.
4. 3GPP sensing data is processed to derive the sensing results (e.g. respiration rate) locally or is provided to the 5G network: 5G network processes the 3GPP sensing data to derive the sensing results and exposes the sensing results to the sleep monitoring application server.
5. The 5G UE receives the sleep monitoring feedback from the application server and shows it to the application user Bob. Bob can have sleep apnea and needs the application to further monitor his breathing stoppage duration. An event with "breathing stoppages duration = 10 seconds" is triggered by Bob and received by the application server, which then contacts the 5G system to trigger this event.
6. 5G system adjusts the sensing measurement process and executes Steps 3-5. When the event report criteria are satisfied, i.e. Bob is detected to have a 10-second breathing stoppages duration, the application server will receive the notification sent by 5G system.

The user experiences the sleep monitoring application enabled by the 5G network. Bob changes his lifestyle, he does more exercise, and tries to lose weight to avoid the sleep apnoea problem.

None.

[PR 5.15.6-1] [PR 5.15.6-2] [PR 5.15.6-3]