Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                        J. Reschke
Request for Comments: 5995                                    greenbytes
Category: Standards Track                                 September 2010
ISSN: 2070-1721


 Using POST to Add Members to Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning
                          (WebDAV) Collections

Abstract

   The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Extensions for the Web
   Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) do not define the
   behavior for the "POST" method when applied to collections, as the
   base specification (HTTP) leaves implementers lots of freedom for the
   semantics of "POST".

   This has led to a situation where many WebDAV servers do not
   implement POST for collections at all, although it is well suited to
   be used for the purpose of adding new members to a collection, where
   the server remains in control of the newly assigned URL.  In fact,
   the Atom Publishing Protocol (AtomPub) uses POST exactly for that
   purpose.  On the other hand, WebDAV-based protocols, such as the
   Calendaring Extensions to WebDAV (CalDAV), frequently require clients
   to pick a unique URL, although the server could easily perform that
   task.

   This specification defines a discovery mechanism through which
   servers can advertise support for POST requests with the
   aforementioned "add collection member" semantics.

Status of This Memo

   This is an Internet Standards Track document.

   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
   received public review and has been approved for publication by the
   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
   Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.

   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
   http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5995.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
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   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1. Introduction ....................................................2
   2. Terminology .....................................................4
   3. Protocol Extension ..............................................4
      3.1. Definition of "Add-Member" URI .............................5
      3.2. Discovery ..................................................6
           3.2.1. DAV:add-member Property (Protected) .................6
           3.2.2. Example .............................................6
      3.3. Relation to AtomPub's "Slug" Header Field ..................7
      3.4. Example Operation ..........................................7
   4. Additional Semantics for Existing Methods .......................8
      4.1. Additional Preconditions ...................................8
      4.2. Example: Failed PUT Request ................................8
   5. Relationship to WebDAV Access Control Protocol ..................9
   6. Internationalization Considerations .............................9
   7. Security Considerations .........................................9
   8. Acknowledgements ...............................................10
   9. References .....................................................10
      9.1. Normative References ......................................10
      9.2. Informative References ....................................11
   Index .............................................................11

1.  Introduction

   The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Extensions for the Web
   Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) ([RFC4918],
   Section 9.5) do not define the behavior for the "POST" method when
   applied to collections, as the base specification (HTTP) leaves
   implementers lots of freedom for the semantics of "POST":

      9.5 POST for Collections

      Since by definition the actual function performed by POST is
      determined by the server and often depends on the particular
      resource, the behavior of POST when applied to collections cannot
      be meaningfully modified because it is largely undefined.  Thus,
      the semantics of POST are unmodified when applied to a collection.

   This has led to a situation where many WebDAV servers do not
   implement POST for collections at all, although it is well suited to
   be used for the purpose of adding new members to a collection, where
   the server remains in control of the newly assigned URL.  In fact,
   the Atom Publishing Protocol (AtomPub) uses POST exactly for that
   purpose ([RFC5023], Section 9.2):

      9.2 Creating Resources with POST

      To add members to a Collection, clients send POST requests to the
      URI of the Collection.

   On the other hand, WebDAV-based protocols, such as Calendaring
   Extensions to WebDAV (CalDAV), frequently require clients to pick a
   unique URL, although the server could easily perform that task
   ([RFC4791], Section 5.3.2):

      5.3.2 Creating Calendar Object Resources

      ...

      When servers create new resources, it's not hard for the server to
      choose an unmapped URI.  It's slightly tougher for clients,
      because a client might not want to examine all resources in the
      collection and might not want to lock the entire collection to
      ensure that a new resource isn't created with a name collision.
      (...)

   Letting the server choose the member URI not only is a simplification
   for certain types of clients, but can also reduce the complexity of
   the server (in that it doesn't need to persist an additional client-
   supplied identifier where it already has an internal one like a
   Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) or a primary key).

      Note: The vCard Extensions to WebDAV (CardDAV) ([CARDDAV]) suffer
      from the same issue, and may be able to take advantage of this
      specification.

   This specification defines a discovery mechanism through which
   servers can advertise support for POST requests with the
   aforementioned "add collection member" semantics.

   This specification deliberately only addresses the use case of
   creating new non-collection resources.  It was not a goal for this
   specification to supply the same functionality for creating
   collection resources (MKCOL) or for other operations that require the
   client to specify a new URL (LOCK, MOVE, or COPY).

      Note: The author previously proposed a new HTTP method for exactly
      this purpose ([ADDMEMBER]), but quite a few reviewers pointed out
      that this would duplicate the original semantics of POST.  Thus,
      this proposal, which avoids adding a new HTTP method, is made.

2.  Terminology

   The terminology used here follows that in the WebDAV specification
   ([RFC4918]).

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

   This document uses XML DTD fragments ([XML]) as a purely notational
   convention.  In particular:

   o  Element ordering is irrelevant.

   o  Extension elements/attributes (elements/attributes not already
      defined as valid child elements) may be added anywhere, except
      when explicitly stated otherwise.

      Note: This specification defines new properties and precondition
      names in the "DAV:" namespace, which the WebDAV specification
      reserves for use by the IETF ([RFC4918], Section 21.1).  However,
      there was rough consensus in the WebDAV community that the
      specification is of general applicability to other WebDAV-related
      standards efforts, and thus deserves inclusion into the base
      namespace.

3.  Protocol Extension

   Due to the reasons stated in Section 1, clients cannot rely on a
   specific server behavior when POST is applied to a collection.  This
   problem is addressed by this specification by allowing servers to
   advertise a URI that has the desired "add member" semantics.

   Servers that already use POST for a different purpose can just expose
   a separate URI.  Other servers can just advertise the collection's
   own URI, thus avoiding minting another URI for a limited purpose.

3.1.  Definition of "Add-Member" URI

   The "Add-Member" URI of a WebDAV collection is a URI that will accept
   HTTP POST requests, and will interpret these as requests to store the
   enclosed entity as a new internal member of the collection (see
   Section 3 of [RFC4918] for the definition of "internal member").  It
   MUST identify a resource on the same server as the WebDAV collection
   (the host and port components ([RFC2616], Section 3.2.2) of the URIs
   must match).

   If there are preconditions related to creating a resource in the
   collection using a PUT request, then those same preconditions apply
   to the new POST request behavior, and the same HTTP response body
   will be returned on failure.

   The URI of the newly created resource is returned in the HTTP
   Location response header field ([RFC2616], Section 14.30).

      Note: The fact that a server advertises an "Add-Member" URI does
      not imply any special semantics of the collection itself.  For
      instance, member URIs assigned by the server are not necessarily
      unique over time (a member URI may be assigned again to a new
      resource when it previously was removed).

      Note: The "Add-Member" URI can be identical to the collection's
      URI (in which case the server just advertises the fact that POST
      to the WebDAV collection's URI is supported as defined within this
      specification).  But it can also be different from it, in which
      case it doesn't need to have any relation to the collection's URI.

      Given a collection URI of

      /docs/collection/

      any of the URIs below might occur as "Add-Member" URIs:

      /docs/collection/
      /docs/collection/;post
      /docs/collection;post/
      /docs/collection/&post
      /post-service?path=/collection/

      The remainder of the document uses the same format just for
      reasons of consistency; any other HTTP URI on the same server
      would do as well.

3.2.  Discovery

3.2.1.  DAV:add-member Property (Protected)

   DAV:add-member is a protected property (see [RFC4918], Section 15)
   defined on WebDAV collections, and contains the "Add-Member" URI for
   that collection (embedded inside a DAV:href element).

   <!ELEMENT add-member (href)>
   <!-- href: defined in [RFC4918], Section 14.7 -->

   A PROPFIND/allprop request SHOULD NOT return this property (see
   [RFC4918], Section 9.1).  Servers MUST implement the DAV:supported-
   live-property-set property defined in Section 3.1.4 of [RFC3253], and
   report the property DAV:add-member as a supported live property.

3.2.2.  Example

   >>Request

   PROPFIND /collection/ HTTP/1.1
   Host: example.com
   Content-Type: application/xml; charset="utf-8"
   Content-Length: 118

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
   <propfind xmlns="DAV:">
     <prop>
       <add-member/>
     </prop>
   </propfind>

   >>Response

   HTTP/1.1 207 Multi-Status
   Content-Type: application/xml; charset="utf-8"
   Content-Length: 340

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
   <multistatus xmlns="DAV:">
     <response>
       <href>/collection/</href>
       <propstat>
         <prop>
           <add-member>
             <href>/collection;add-member/</href>
           </add-member>
         </prop>
         <status>HTTP/1.1 200 OK</status>
       </propstat>
     </response>
   </multistatus>

   In this case, the server has minted a separate URI for the purpose of
   adding new content.

3.3.  Relation to AtomPub's "Slug" Header Field

   In the AtomPub protocol, clients can use the entity header field
   "Slug" to suggest parts of the URI to be created (see [RFC5023],
   Section 9.7).  Note that servers are free to ignore this suggestion,
   or to use whatever algorithm makes sense to generate the new URI.

   The same applies to the extension defined here: clients can use the
   "Slug" header field, as by definition it is a generic HTTP header
   field.  Servers should process it exactly in the way defined by
   AtomPub.

3.4.  Example Operation

   >>Request

   POST /collection;add-member/ HTTP/1.1
   Host: example.com
   Content-Type: text/plain
   Slug: Sample Title
   Content-Length: 12

   Sample text.

   >>Response

   HTTP/1.1 201 Created
   Location: http://example.com/collection/sample%20title

4.  Additional Semantics for Existing Methods

   One important use case for this specification is collections that act
   as WebDAV collections for the purpose of read access (PROPFIND
   Depth 1/Infinity), but which only support internal member URIs
   assigned by the server.  These collections will not allow a client to
   create a new member using methods like PUT, MKCOL, LOCK, COPY, or
   MOVE.  Therefore, this specification defines a new precondition name
   ([RFC4918], Section 16) that can be used to provide the client with
   additional information regarding exactly why the request failed.

      Note: Although the precondition defined below can be used for
      methods other than PUT, the "Add-Member" mechanism defined by this
      specification deliberately is restricted to PUT.

4.1.  Additional Preconditions

   (DAV:allow-client-defined-URI): the server allows clients to specify
   the last path segment for newly created resources.

   The precondition element MAY contain an add-member-uri XML element
   specifying the "Add-Member" URI associated with the collection, on
   which the creation of a new child resource was attempted:

   <!ELEMENT allow-client-defined-uri (add-member?)>

4.2.  Example: Failed PUT Request

   In this example, the client tries to use PUT to create a new internal
   member of /collection/.

   >>Request

   PUT /collection/new.txt HTTP/1.1
   Host: example.com
   Content-Type: text/plain
   Content-Length: 12

   Sample text.

   >>Response

   HTTP/1.1 405 Method Not Allowed
   Allow: GET, HEAD, TRACE, PROPFIND, COPY, MOVE
   Content-Type: application/xml; charset=UTF-8
   Content-Length: 172

   <error xmlns="DAV:">
     <allow-client-defined-uri>
       <add-member>
         <href>/collection;add-member/</href>
       </add-member>
     </allow-client-defined-uri>
   </error>

   The request fails with a 405 (Method Not Allowed) status, but also
   provides the reason, and a pointer to the "Add-Member" URI in the
   response body.

5.  Relationship to WebDAV Access Control Protocol

   The WebDAV Access Control Protocol specification requires the DAV:
   bind privilege to be granted on a collection for the client to be
   able to add new collection members ([RFC3744], Section 3.9).
   Consistent with that, a server MUST reject a POST request to the Add-
   Member URI of a collection, unless the principal executing the
   request is granted DAV:bind privilege on the associated WebDAV
   collection resource.

6.  Internationalization Considerations

   This document does not introduce any new internationalization
   considerations beyond those discussed in Section 19 of [RFC4918].

7.  Security Considerations

   Security considerations applicable to HTTP [RFC2616], WebDAV
   [RFC4918], and XML [XML] apply for this specification as well,
   namely, Section 20 of [RFC4918] and Section 7 of [RFC3470].

   Furthermore, servers should be aware that deriving the member path
   from the data being stored in the resource could potentially expose
   confidential information.  This could even be the case when only a
   hash code of the content is used.

   In addition, on servers that do not support this specification, a
   malevolent user could set the DAV:add-member URI as a custom
   property, tricking other users to post content to an entirely
   different URI.  Clients can protect themselves against this
   scenario by

   o  not following DAV:add-member URIs to different servers, and/or

   o  verifying that the DAV:add-member property is indeed a live
      property (this can be achieved by testing the DAV:supported-live-
      property-set property, or by checking whether DAV:add-member is
      returned upon PROPFIND/allprop).

8.  Acknowledgements

   This document has benefited from thoughtful discussion by Cyrus Daboo
   and Bernard Desruisseaux.

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2616]   Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
               Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext
               Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.

   [RFC3253]   Clemm, G., Amsden, J., Ellison, T., Kaler, C., and J.
               Whitehead, "Versioning Extensions to WebDAV (Web
               Distributed Authoring and Versioning)", RFC 3253,
               March 2002.

   [RFC3744]   Clemm, G., Reschke, J., Sedlar, E., and J. Whitehead,
               "Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) Access
               Control Protocol", RFC 3744, May 2004.

   [RFC4918]   Dusseault, L., Ed., "HTTP Extensions for Web Distributed
               Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV)", RFC 4918, June 2007.

   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C., Maler, E., and
               F. Yergeau, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth
               Edition)", W3C REC-xml-20081126, November 2008,
               <http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126/>.

9.2.  Informative References

   [ADDMEMBER] Reschke, J., "The HTTP ADDMEMBER Method", Work
               in Progress, February 2005.

   [CARDDAV]   Daboo, C., "vCard Extensions to WebDAV (CardDAV)", Work
               in Progress, November 2009.

   [RFC3470]   Hollenbeck, S., Rose, M., and L. Masinter, "Guidelines
               for the Use of Extensible Markup Language (XML) within
               IETF Protocols", BCP 70, RFC 3470, January 2003.

   [RFC4791]   Daboo, C., Desruisseaux, B., and L. Dusseault,
               "Calendaring Extensions to WebDAV (CalDAV)", RFC 4791,
               March 2007.

   [RFC5023]   Gregorio, J., Ed. and B. de hOra, Ed., "The Atom
               Publishing Protocol", RFC 5023, October 2007.

Index

   A
      Add-Member URI  5

   C
      Condition Names
         DAV:allow-client-defined-URI (pre)  8
      COPY method
         Additional Preconditions  8

   D
      DAV:allow-client-defined-URI  8

   L
      LOCK method
         Additional Preconditions  8

   M
      MKCOL method
         Additional Preconditions  8
      MOVE method
         Additional Preconditions  8

   P
      PUT method
         Additional Preconditions  8

Author's Address

   Julian F. Reschke
   greenbytes GmbH
   Hafenweg 16
   Muenster, NW  48155
   Germany

   Phone: +49 251 2807760
   EMail: julian.reschke@greenbytes.de
   URI:   http://greenbytes.de/tech/webdav/