RFC 4335
The Secure Shell (SSH) Session Channel Break Extension
Network Working Group J. Galbraith Request for Comments: 4335 VanDyke Software Category: Standards Track P. Remaker Cisco Systems, Inc January 2006 The Secure Shell (SSH) Session Channel Break Extension Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).Abstract
The Session Channel Break Extension provides a means to send a BREAK signal over a Secure Shell (SSH) terminal session.Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................2 2. Conventions Used in This Document ...............................2 3. The Break Request ...............................................3 4. Security Considerations .........................................4 5. IANA Considerations .............................................4 6. References ......................................................4 6.1. Normative References .......................................4 6.2. Informative References .....................................5
1. Introduction
The Secure Shell (SSH) [5] session channel provides a mechanism for the client-user to interactively enter commands and receive output from a remote host while taking advantage of the SSH transport's privacy and integrity features. SSH is increasingly being used to replace Telnet for terminal access applications. A common application of the Telnet protocol is the "Console Server" [7] whereby a Telnet Network Virtual Terminal (NVT) can be connected to a physical RS-232/V.24 asynchronous port, making the Telnet NVT appear as a locally attached terminal to that port, and making that physical port appear as a network-addressable device. A number of major computer equipment vendors provide high-level administrative functions through an asynchronous serial port and generally expect the attached terminal to be capable of sending a BREAK signal. A BREAK signal is defined as the TxD signal being held in a SPACE ("0") state for a time greater than a whole character time. In practice, a BREAK signal is typically 250 to 500 ms in length. The Telnet protocol furnishes a means to send a "BREAK" signal, which RFC 854 [1] defines as "a signal outside the USASCII set which is currently given local meaning within many systems". Console Server vendors interpret the TELNET BREAK signal as a physical BREAK signal, which can then allow access to the full range of administrative functions available on an asynchronous serial console port. The lack of a similar facility in the SSH session channel has forced users to continue the use of Telnet for the "Console Server" function.2. Conventions Used in This Document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [2]. The "byte", "boolean", "uint32", and "string" data types are defined in [3].
3. The Break Request
The following channel-specific request can be sent over a session channel (as described in [4]) to request that the remote host perform a BREAK operation. byte SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST uint32 recipient channel string "break" boolean want_reply uint32 break-length in milliseconds If the BREAK length cannot be controlled by the application receiving this request, the BREAK length parameter SHOULD be ignored and the default BREAK signal length of the chipset or underlying chipset driver SHOULD be sent. If the application receiving this request can control the BREAK length, the following suggestions are made regarding BREAK duration. If a BREAK duration request of greater than 3000 ms is received, it SHOULD be interpreted as a request for a 3000 ms BREAK. This safeguard prevents an unreasonably long BREAK request from causing a port to become unavailable for as long as 49.7 days while executing the BREAK. Applications that require a longer BREAK may choose to ignore this suggestion. If BREAK duration request of less than 500 ms is received, it SHOULD be interpreted as a 500 ms BREAK since most devices will recognize a BREAK of that length. Applications that require a shorter BREAK may choose to ignore this suggestion. If the BREAK length parameter is 0, the BREAK SHOULD be interpreted as the default BREAK signal length of the chipset or underlying chipset driver. If no default exists, 500 ms can be used as the BREAK length. If the SSH connection does not terminate on a physical serial port, the BREAK indication SHOULD be handled in a manner consistent with the general use of BREAK as an attention/interrupt signal; for instance, a service processor that requires an out-of-band facility to get the attention of a system it manages. In a case where an SSH connection cascades to another connection, the BREAK SHOULD be passed along the cascaded connection. For example, a Telnet session from an SSH shell should carry along an SSH-initiated BREAK, and an SSH client initiated from a Telnet connection SHOULD pass a BREAK indication from the Telnet connection.
If the 'want_reply' boolean is set, the server MUST reply using an SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS or SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE [5] message. If a BREAK of any kind was preformed, SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS MUST be sent. If no BREAK was preformed, SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE MUST be sent. This operation SHOULD be supported by any general purpose SSH client.4. Security Considerations
Many computer systems treat serial consoles as local and secured, and interpret a BREAK signal as an instruction to halt execution of the operating system or to enter privileged configuration modes. Because of this, extra care should be taken to ensure that SSH access to BREAK-enabled ports are limited to users with appropriate privileges to execute such functions. Alternatively, support for the BREAK facility MAY be implemented as configurable on a per-port or per-server basis. Implementations that literally interpret the BREAK length parameter without imposing the suggested BREAK time limit may cause a denial of service to or unexpected results from attached devices receiving the very long BREAK signal.5. IANA Considerations
IANA has assigned the Connection Protocol Channel Request Name "break" in accordance with [6].6. References
6.1. Normative References
[1] Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Telnet Protocol Specification", STD 8, RFC 854, May 1983. [2] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [3] Ylonen, T. and C. Lonvick, Ed., "The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Architecture", RFC 4251, January 2006. [4] Ylonen, T. and C. Lonvick, Ed., "The Secure Shell (SSH) Transport Layer Protocol", RFC 4253, January 2006. [5] Ylonen, T. and C. Lonvick, Ed., "The Secure Shell (SSH) Connection Protocol", RFC 4254, January 2006.
[6] Lehtinen, S. and C. Lonvick, Ed., "The Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Assigned Numbers", RFC 4250, January 2006.6.2. Informative References
[7] Harris, D., "Greater Scroll of Console Knowledge", March 2004, <http://www.conserver.com/consoles/>.Authors' Addresses
Joseph Galbraith VanDyke Software 4848 Tramway Ridge Blvd Suite 101 Albuquerque, NM 87111 US Phone: +1 505 332 5700 EMail: galb-list@vandyke.com Phillip Remaker Cisco Systems, Inc 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95120 US Phone: +1 408 526 8614 EMail: remaker@cisco.com
Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Intellectual Property The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org. Acknowledgement Funding for the RFC Editor function is provided by the IETF Administrative Support Activity (IASA).