RFC 3855
Transporting Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) Objects in X.400
Network Working Group P. Hoffman Request for Comments: 3855 IMC Category: Standards Track C. Bonatti IECA July 2004 Transporting Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) Objects in X.400 Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004).Abstract
This document describes protocol options for conveying objects that have been protected using the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) and Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) version 3.1 over an X.400 message transfer system.1. Introduction
The techniques described in the Cryptographic Message Syntax [CMS] specification and message specifications can reasonably be transported via a variety of electronic mail systems. This specification defines the options and values necessary to enable interoperable transport of S/MIME messages over an X.400 system. This document describes a mechanism for using CMS objects as the message content of X.400 messages in a native X.400 environment. This means that gateways or other functions that expect to deal with IPMS, such as those specified in [MIXER] and [BODYMAP], cannot do anything with these messages. Note that cooperating S/MIME agents must support common forms of message content in order to achieve interoperability. Definition of gateway services to support relay of CMS object between X.400 and SMTP environments is beyond the scope of this document.
1.1. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "SHALL", "REQUIRED", "SHOULD", "RECOMMENDED", and "MAY" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119 [MUSTSHOULD].1.2. Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply. ASN.1: Abstract Syntax Notation One, as defined in ISO/IEC 8824. Object Identifier (OID): A globally unique identifier value consisting of a sequence of integer values assigned through distributed registration as specified by ISO/IEC 8824. Transfer Encoding: A reversible transformation made on data so 8-bit or binary data may be sent via a channel that only transmits 7-bit data.1.3. Compatibility with Existing S/MIME Implementations
It is a goal of this document to, if possible, maintain backward compatibility with existing X.400 implementations that employ S/MIME v3.1 wrappers.2. S/MIME Packaging
2.1. The X.400 Message Structure
This section reviews the X.400 message format. An X.400 message has two parts, the envelope and the content, as described in X.402 [X.400]: Envelope -- An information object whose composition varies from one transmittal step to another and that variously identifies the message's originator and potential recipients, documents its previous conveyance and directs its subsequent conveyance by the Message Transfer System (MTS), and characterizes its content. Content -- The content is the piece of information that the originating User Agent wants to be delivered to one or more recipients. The MTS neither examines nor modifies the content, except for conversion, during its conveyance of the message. MTS conversion is not applicable to the scenario of this document because such conversion is incompatible with CMS protection mechanisms.
One piece of information borne by the envelope identifies the type of the content. The content type is an identifier (an ASN.1 OID or Integer) that denotes the syntax and semantics of the content overall. This identifier enables the MTS to determine the message's deliverability to particular users, and enables User Agents and Message Stores to interpret and process the content. Some X.400 content types further refine the structure of content as a set of heading elements and body parts. An example of this is the Interpersonal Messaging System (IPMS). The IPMS content structure is able to convey zero or more arbitrary body parts each identified by the body part type. The body part type is an ASN.1 OID or Integer that denotes the syntax and semantics of the body part in question.2.2. Carrying S/MIME as X.400 Content
When transporting a CMS-protected message in X.400, the preferred approach (except as discussed in section 2.3 below) is to convey the object as X.400 message content. This section describes how S/MIME CMS objects are conveyed as the content part of X.400 messages. This mechanism is suitable for transport of CMS-protected messages regardless of the mail content that has been encapsulated. Implementations MUST include the CMS object in the content field of the X.400 message. If the CMS object is covered by an outer MIME wrapper, the content- type field of the P1 envelope MUST be set to the following CMS- defined value: id-data OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs7(7) 1 } If the CMS object is not covered by an outer MIME wrapper, the content-type field of the P1 envelope MUST be set to the following CMS-defined value: id-ct-contentInfo OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs-9(9) smime(16) content-types(1) 6}2.2.1. Carrying Plaintext MIME objects as X.400 Content
When transporting a plaintext MIME object in X.400, the preferred approach is to convey the object as X.400 message content. The
content-type field of the P1 envelope MUST be set to the following
CMS-defined value:
id-data OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840)
rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs7(7) 1 }
2.3. Carrying S/MIME as IPMS Body Parts
Under some circumstances S/MIME CMS-protected messages can be
conveyed within select body parts of the content. Implementations
generally SHOULD NOT embed CMS objects within X.400 body parts, but
should instead convey them as content as described in section 2.2.
Nevertheless, one notable exception is necessary for the case of
forwarding.
In instances when CMS objects are forwarded as part of a message
forwarding function, use of a body part is necessary. When
forwarding a CMS object in an IPMS or IPMS-compatible body part,
implementations MUST use the content-body-part as formally defined by
[X.400], as shown below for reference.
content-body-part {ExtendedContentType:content-type}
EXTENDED-BODY-PART-TYPE ::= {
PARAMETERS {ForwardedContentParameters IDENTIFIED BY
{id-ep-content -- concatenated with content-type -- }},
DATA {Content IDENTIFIED BY
{id-et-content -- concatenated with content-type -- }} }
ForwardedContentParameters ::= SET {
delivery-time [0] MessageDeliveryTime OPTIONAL,
delivery-envelope [1] OtherMessageDeliveryFields OPTIONAL,
mts-identifier [2] MessageDeliveryIdentifier OPTIONAL }
id-ep-content ::= {joint-iso-itu-t(2) mhs(6) ipms(1) ep(11) 17}
id-et-content ::= {joint-iso-itu-t(2) mhs(6) ipms(1) et(4) 17}
The implementation MUST copy the CMS object to be forwarded into the
Content field of the content-body-part. The direct-reference field
of the body part MUST include the OID formed by the concatenation of
the id-et-content value and the following CMS-defined value.
id-ct-contentInfo OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{ iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1)
pkcs-9(9) smime(16) content-types(1) 6}
For example, to forward any CMS object the DATA component of the body
part would be identified by { 2 6 1 4 17 1 2 840 113549 1 9 16 1 6 }.
The ForwardedContentParameters are optional and MAY be supported at the discretion of the implementor. The OID value id-et-content MAY also be included in the original-encoded-information-types field of the X.400 message envelope at the discretion of the sending S/MIME agent. In this instance, the content-type field of the P1 envelope MUST be set to the value associate with the forwarding content (e.g., integer 22 for IPMS).2.4. Transfer Encoding
According to various S/MIME specifications for message wrapping, CMS objects MAY optionally be wrapped in MIME to dynamically support 7- bit transport. This outer wrapping is not required for X.400 transport, and generally SHOULD NOT be applied in a homogeneous X.400 environment. Heterogeneous mail systems or other factors MAY require the presence of this outer MIME wrapper2.5. Encoded Information Type Indication
In [MSG], the application/pkcs7-mime content type and optional "smime-type" parameter are used to convey details about the security applied (signed or enveloped) along with information about the contained content. This may aid receiving S/MIME implementations in correctly processing the secured content. Additional values of smime-type are defined in [ESS]. In an X.400 transport environment, MIME typing is not available. Therefore the equivalent semantic is conveyed using the Encoded Information Types (EITs). The EITs are conveyed in the original-encoded-information-types field of the X.400 message envelope. This memo defines the following smime-types.
+-----------------------------------------------------+ | | | smime-type EIT Value (OID) | | CMS protection type Inner Content | | | +-----------------------------------------------------+ | | | enveloped-data id-eit-envelopedData | | EnvelopedData Data | | | | signed-data id-eit-signedData | | SignedData Data | | | | certs-only id-eit-certsOnly | | SignedData empty (zero-length content) | | | | signed-receipt id-eit-signedReceipt | | SignedData Receipt | | | | enveloped-x400 id-eit-envelopedx400 | | EnvelopedData X.400 content | | | | signed-x400 id-eit-signedx400 | | SignedData X.400 content | | | | compressed-data id-eit-compressedData | | CompressedData RFC 3274 compression wrapper | | | +-----------------------------------------------------+ Sending agents SHOULD include the appropriate S/MIME EIT OID value. Receiving agents SHOULD recognize S/MIME OID values in the EITs field, and process the message appropriately according to local procedures. In order that consistency can be obtained in future S/MIME EIT assignments, the following guidelines should be followed when assigning new EIT values. Values assigned for S/MIME EITs should correspond to assigned smime-type values on a one-to-one basis. The restrictions of section 3.2.2 of [MSG] therefore apply. S/MIME EIT values may coexist with other EIT values intended to further qualify the makeup of the protected content.
2.5.1. Enveloped Data
The enveloped data EIT indicates that the X.400 content field contains a MIME type that has been protected by the CMS enveloped- data content type in accordance with [MSG]. The resulting enveloped data CMS content is conveyed in accordance with section 2.2. This EIT should be indicated by the following OID value: id-eit-envelopedData OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs-9(9) smime(16) id-eit(10) id-eit-envelopedData(1) }2.5.2. Signed Data
The signed data EIT indicates that the X.400 content field contains a MIME type that has been protected by the CMS signed-data content type in accordance with [MSG]. The resulting signed data CMS content is conveyed in accordance with section 2.2. This EIT should be indicated by the following OID value: id-eit-signedData OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs-9(9) smime(16) id-eit(10) id-eit-signedData(2) }2.5.3. Certs Only
The certs-only message is used to transport certificates and/or CRLs, such as in response to a registration request. This is described in [CERT31]. The certs-only message consists of a single instance of CMS content of type signed-data. The encapContentInfo eContent field MUST be absent and signerInfos field MUST be empty. The resulting certs-only CMS content is conveyed in accordance with section 2.2. This EIT should be indicated by the following OID value: id-eit-certsOnly OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs-9(9) smime(16) id-eit(10) id-eit-certsOnly(3) }2.5.4. Signed Receipt
The signed receipt EIT indicates that the X.400 content field contains a Receipt content that has been protected by the CMS signed-data content type in accordance with [ESS]. The resulting CMS signed-data content is conveyed in accordance with section 2.2. This EIT should be indicated by the following OID value:
id-eit-signedReceipt OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{ iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1)
pkcs-9(9) smime(16) id-eit(10) id-eit-signedReceipt(4) }
2.5.5. Enveloped X.400
The enveloped X.400 EIT indicates that the X.400 content field
contains X.400 content that has been protected by the CMS enveloped-
data content type in accordance with [X400WRAP]. The resulting
enveloped X.400 CMS content is conveyed in accordance with section
2.2. This EIT should be indicated by the following OID value:
id-eit-envelopedX400 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{ iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1)
pkcs-9(9) smime(16) id-eit(10) id-eit-envelopedX400(5) }
2.5.6. Signed X.400
The signed X.400 EIT indicates that the X.400 content field contains
X.400 content that has been protected by the CMS signed-data content
type in accordance with [X400WRAP]. The resulting signed X.400 CMS
content is conveyed in accordance with section 2.2. This EIT should
be indicated by the following OID value:
id-eit-signedX400 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{ iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1)
pkcs-9(9) smime(16) id-eit(10) id-eit-signedX400(6) }
2.5.7. Compressed Data
The compressed data EIT indicates that the X.400 content field
contains a another type that has been compressed by the compressed-
data content type in accordance with [COMPRESS]. The resulting CMS
content is conveyed in accordance with section 2.2. This EIT should
be indicated by the following OID value:
id-eit-compressedData OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{ iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1)
pkcs-9(9) smime(16) id-eit(10) id-eit-compressedData(7) }
2.6. Interaction with X.400 Elements of Service
Care should be taken in the selection of X.400 services to be used in
conjunction with CMS objects. Services affecting conversion of the
content, expansion of Distribution Lists (DLs), and message
redirection can interact badly with services provided by the
"EnvelopedData" and "SignedData" CMS content types.
2.6.1. MTS Conversion Services
MTS conversion is not applicable to the scenario of this document because such conversion is incompatible with CMS protection mechanisms. X.400 systems that implement conversion services should generally be unable to attempt conversion of CMS content types because those types do not conform to X.420 structure rules. Nevertheless, when transporting CMS objects within an X.400 environment, the Conversion Prohibition service SHOULD be selected.2.6.2. Message Redirection Services
X.400 message redirection services can have an indirect impact on the application of the CMS "EnvelopedData" content type. Several different forms of redirection are possible in X.400, including: - Originator Requested Alternate Recipient (ORAR) - Alternate Recipient Assignment - Redirection of Incoming Messages In addition, any auto-forwarding services that are not security-aware may share the same problem. An auto-forwarding implementation that removes the EnvelopedData and reapplies it for the forwarded recipient is not affected by this problem. The normal case is that the private key is not available when the human user is not present, thus decryption is not possible. However, if the private key is present, forwarding can be used instead. When the "EnvelopedData" content type is used to protect message contents, an instance of RecipientInfo is needed for each recipient and alternate recipient in order to ensure the desired access to the message. A RecipientInfo for the originator is a good practice just in case the MTS returns the whole message. In the event that ORAR is used, the originator is aware of the identity of the alternate recipient and SHOULD include a corresponding RecipientInfo element. For other forms of redirection (including non-security-aware auto-forwarding) the alternate recipient must either have access to the intended recipient's keys (not recommended) or must relay the message to the intended recipient by other means.2.6.3. DL Expansion
X.400 DLs can have an indirect impact on the application of the CMS "EnvelopedData" content type. When the "EnvelopedData" content type is used to protect message contents, an instance of RecipientInfo is needed for each recipient in order to ensure the desired access to
the message. Messages to a DL would typically include only a single RecipientInfo associated with the DL. Unlike Mail Lists (MLs) described in [ESS], however, X.400 DLs are not generally security- aware and do not regenerate RecipientInfo elements for the DL members. It is recommended that a security-aware ML conforming to [ESS] be used in preference to X.400 DLs. When transporting CMS objects within an X.400 environment, the DL Expansion Prohibited service SHOULD be selected.3. Security Considerations
This specification introduces no new security concerns to the CMS or S/MIME models. Security issues are identified in section 5 of [MSG], section 6 of [ESS] and the Security Considerations section of [CMS].4. References
4.1. Normative References
[MUSTSHOULD] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [CERT31] Ramsdell, B., Ed., "Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) Version 3.1 Certificate Handling", RFC 3850, July 2004. [CMS] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", RFC 3852, July 2004. [COMPRESS] Gutmann, P., "Compressed Data Content Type for Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", RFC 3274, June 2002. [ESS] Hoffman, P., Ed., "Enhanced Security Services for S/MIME", RFC 2634, June 1999. [MSG] Ramsdell, B., Ed., "Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) Version 3.1 Message Specification", RFC 3851, July 2004. [X.400] ITU-T X.400 Series of Recommendations, Information technology - Message Handling Systems (MHS). X.400: System and Service Overview; X.402: Overall Architecture; X.411: Message Transfer System: Abstract Service Definition and Procedures; X.420: Interpersonal Messaging System; 1996.
4.2. Informative References
[BODYMAP] Alvestrand, H., "Mapping between X.400 and RFC-822/MIME Message Bodies", RFC 2157, January 1998. [MIXER] Kille, S., "MIXER (Mime Internet X.400 Enhanced Relay): Mapping between X.400 and RFC 822/MIME", RFC 2156, January 1998. [X400WRAP] Hoffman, P., Bonatti, C., and A. Eggen, "Securing X.400 Content with Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME), RFC 3854, July 2004.5. Authors' Addresses
Paul Hoffman Internet Mail Consortium 127 Segre Place Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA EMail: phoffman@imc.org Chris Bonatti IECA, Inc. 15309 Turkey Foot Road Darnestown, MD 20878-3640 USA EMail: bonattic@ieca.com
6. Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Intellectual Property The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf- ipr@ietf.org. Acknowledgement Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society.