Content for TR 38.769 Word version: 19.0.0
4 Evaluation methodology
5 Ambient IoT device architectures
6 Solutions for Ambient IoT
7 Evaluations
8 Conclusions and recommendations
A Device receiver sensitivity for Budget-Alt1
B Change history
4 Evaluation methodology p. 21
4.1 Remaining details of RAN design targets p. 21
4.2 Evaluation scenarios and assumptions p. 22
4.3 Link budget p. 27
4.3.1 Receiver sensitivity p. 27
4.3.2 Link budget template p. 28
4.4 R2D waveform generation p. 33
5 Ambient IoT device architectures p. 33
5.1 ~1 μW devices (Device 1) p. 33
5.2 ≤ a few hundred μW devices (Device 2) p. 34
5.2.1 External carrier wave (Device 2a) p. 34
5.2.2 Internally-generated carrier wave (Device 2b) p. 36
5.3 Clock(s) p. 41
6 Solutions for Ambient IoT p. 43
6.1 Physical layer p. 43
6.1.0 Aspects in common to R2D and D2R p. 43
6.1.0.1 General p. 43
6.1.0.2 CRC p. 43
6.1.1 R2D p. 45
6.1.1.1 R2D waveform, modulation and numerology p. 45
6.1.1.2 R2D line coding p. 47
6.1.1.3 R2D channel coding, repetition, CRC p. 48
6.1.1.3.1 Channel coding and CRC p. 48
6.1.1.3.2 Repetition p. 48
6.1.1.4 R2D bandwidths p. 50
6.1.1.5 PRDCH p. 50
6.1.1.6 R2D timing p. 51
6.1.1.7 CFO calibration signal for device 2b p. 54
6.1.1.8 R2D multiplexing p. 54
6.1.1.9 Scheduling of R2D p. 56
6.1.1.10 R2D control information p. 56
6.1.2 D2R p. 57
6.1.2.1 Waveform and modulation p. 57
6.1.2.2 D2R line coding p. 58
6.1.2.3 D2R channel coding, repetition, CRC p. 58
6.1.2.4 D2R bandwidths p. 62
6.1.2.5 PDRCH p. 64
6.1.2.6 D2R timing p. 65
6.1.2.6.1 D2R timing acquisition signal p. 65
6.1.2.6.2 D2R end timing p. 66
6.1.2.6.3 D2R midamble p. 66
6.1.2.6.4 Trade-offs analysis p. 66
6.1.2.7 D2R multiple access p. 70
6.1.2.8 Scheduling of D2R p. 74
6.1.2.9 D2R control information p. 74
6.1.3 Timing relationships p. 75
6.1.4 Random access p. 75
6.1.5 Topology 2 p. 76
6.2 Device (un)availability p. 77
6.3 Protocol stack and signalling procedures p. 137
6.3.1 General aspects and overall procedure p. 137
6.3.2 Protocol stack and functionality aspects p. 139
6.3.3 A-IoT paging p. 140
6.3.4 A-IoT random access procedure p. 141
6.3.5 A-IoT data transmission p. 143
6.3.6 Topology 2 aspects on the interface between UE reader and RAN p. 144
6.4 RAN architecture aspects p. 146
6.4.1 Support of Topology 1 p. 146
6.4.2 Support of Topology 2 p. 147
6.5 Impacts on CN-RAN interface p. 151
6.5.1 Information exchanged between A-IoT CN and A-IoT RAN p. 151
6.5.1.1 Inventory p. 151
6.5.1.2 Command p. 151
6.5.1.3 A-IoT radio resource allocation in case of NAS/UP based solutions p. 151
6.5.2 Signaling and Procedures for Topology 1 p. 152
6.5.2.1 Candidate procedures for A-IoT Inventory for Topology 1 p. 152
6.5.2.2 Candidate procedures for A-IoT Command in Topology 1 p. 153
6.5.3 Signaling and Procedures for Topology 2 p. 154
6.6 Coexistence of ambient IoT and NR/LTE p. 158
6.6.1 Co-existence scenarios and cases p. 158
6.6.2 Co-existence evaluation assumptions p. 158
6.6.2.1 Deployment p. 158
6.6.2.2 NR BS/ A-IoT reader/ intermediate UE/ CW RF characteristics p. 160
6.6.2.3 NR UE/ A-IoT device RF characteristics p. 161
6.6.3 Co-existence simulation methodology p. 162
6.6.3.1 Coexistence evaluation methodology p. 162
6.6.3.2 SINR definition p. 162
6.6.3.3 Coupling loss p. 163
6.6.3.4 Impact from CW to NR p. 163
6.6.4 Co-existence evaluation results p. 163
6.6.5 Summary of co-existence evaluation p. 163
6.6.5.1 Scenario 1-1: D1T1-A2- NR UE only outdoors (R2D/ CW2D/ D2R: DL) p. 163
6.6.5.2 Scenario 1-2: D1T1-A2- NR UE indoor (R2D/ CW2D/ D2R: DL) p. 164
6.6.5.3 Scenario 2-1: D1T1-B- NR UE only outdoor (R2D: DL, CW2D/ D2R: UL) p. 164
6.6.5.4 Scenario 2-2: D1T1-B- NR UE indoor (R2D: DL, CW2D/ D2R: UL) p. 165
6.6.5.5 Scenario 5-1: D2T2-A2- NR UE only outdoor (R2D/ CW2D/ D2R: UL) p. 165
6.6.5.6 Scenario 5-2: D2T2-A2- NR UE indoor (R2D/ CW2D/ D2R: UL) p. 165
6.6.5.7 Scenario 6-1: D2T2-B- NR UE only outdoor (R2D: UL, CW2D/ D2R: DL) p. 165
6.6.5.8 Scenario 6-2: D2T2-B- NR UE indoor (R2D: UL, CW2D/ D2R: DL) p. 166
6.6.5.9 Scenario 3 (Optional): D1T1-A2- NR UE indoor (R2D: UL, CW2D/ D2R: DL) p. 166
6.6.5.10 General remarks on coexistence findings p. 167
6.7 RF requirements study p. 167
6.7.1 System parameters p. 167
6.7.2 Ambient IoT BS p. 168
6.7.2.1 General p. 168
6.7.2.2 Ambient IoT BS TX requirements p. 168
6.7.2.2.1 Base station output power p. 168
6.7.2.2.2 Output power dynamic p. 168
6.7.2.2.3 Transmit ON/OFF power p. 168
6.7.2.2.4 Transmit signal quality p. 168
6.7.2.2.5 Unwanted emissions p. 169
6.7.2.3 Ambient IoT BS Rx requirements p. 169
6.7.3 Intermediate node (UE) p. 170
6.7.3.1 General p. 170
6.7.3.2 Intermediate UE TX requirements p. 170
6.7.3.2.1 Maximum output power p. 170
6.7.3.2.2 Output power dynamics p. 170
6.7.3.2.3 Transmitted signal quality p. 170
6.7.3.2.4 Output RF spectrum emissions p. 171
6.7.3.3 CW for D2T2 p. 171
6.7.3.3.1 Output power/Output power dynamic range p. 171
6.7.3.3.2 Transmit signal quality p. 171
6.7.3.3.3 RF spectrum emission/Spurious emissions/Phase noise p. 171
6.7.3.4 Intermediate UE RX requirements p. 172
6.7.4 Ambient IoT Device p. 173
6.7.4.1 Device 1 p. 173
6.7.4.1.1 TX p. 173
6.7.4.1.2 RX p. 174
6.7.4.2 Device 2a p. 175
6.7.4.2.1 TX p. 175
6.7.4.2.2 RX p. 176
6.7.4.3 Device 2b p. 176
6.7.4.3.1 TX p. 176
6.7.4.3.2 RX p. 177
6.7.4.4 Testability p. 178
6.7.5 CW interference cancelation study p. 179
6.8 Characteristics of carrier-wave waveform p. 193
6.8.1 CW transmission p. 193
6.8.2 CW characteristics p. 195
6.9 Locating ambient IoT devices p. 199
6.9.1 General p. 199
6.9.2 Topology 1 p. 199
6.9.3 Topology 2 p. 199
6.9.4 Proximity determination p. 199
6.10 DO-A assessment p. 199
7 Evaluations p. 200
7.1 Coverage evaluations p. 200
7.1.1 Link budget for D1T1 p. 200
7.1.2 Link budget for D2T2 p. 200
7.1.3 Link performance for D2R p. 200
7.1.4 Link performance for R2D p. 200
7.2 Latency evaluations p. 201
8 Conclusions and recommendations p. 219
A Device receiver sensitivity for Budget-Alt1 p. 221
B Change history p. 225
