Content for TS 37.355 Word version: 18.2.0
1 Scope p. 14
The present document contains the definition of the LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) for the radio access technologies E-UTRA/LTE and NR.
2 References p. 14
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document.
- References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific.
- For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
- For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same Release as the present document.
[1]
TR 21.905: "Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications".
[2]
TS 36.305: "Stage 2 functional specification of User Equipment (UE) positioning in E-UTRAN".
[3]
TS 23.271: "Functional stage 2 description of Location Services (LCS)".
[4]
IS-GPS-200, Revision D, Navstar GPS Space Segment/Navigation User Interfaces, March 7th, 2006.
[5]
IS-GPS-705, Navstar GPS Space Segment/User Segment L5 Interfaces, September 22, 2005.
[6]
IS-GPS-800, Navstar GPS Space Segment/User Segment L1C Interfaces, September 4, 2008.
[7]
IS-QZSS, Quasi Zenith Satellite System Navigation Service Interface Specifications for QZSS, Ver.1.1, July 31, 2009.
[8]
Galileo OS Signal in Space ICD (OS SIS ICD), Issue 1.2, February 2014, European Union.
[9]
Global Navigation Satellite System GLONASS Interface Control Document, Version 5.1, 2008.
[10]
Specification for the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), US Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, DTFA01-96-C-00025, 2001.
[11]
RTCM-SC104, RTCM Recommended Standards for Differential GNSS Service (v.2.3), August 20, 2001.
[12]
TS 36.331: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); "Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification".
[13]
TS 25.331: "Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol Specification".
[14]
TS 44.031: "Location Services (LCS); Mobile Station (MS) - Serving Mobile Location Centre (SMLC) Radio Resource LCS Protocol (RRLP)".
[15]
TS 23.032: "Universal Geographical Area Description (GAD)".
[16]
TS 36.211: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical Channels and Modulation".
[17]
TS 36.214: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer - Measurements".
[18]
TS 36.133: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Requirements for support of radio resource management".
[19]
TS 23.003: "Numbering, addressing and identification".
[20]
OMA-TS-LPPe-V1_0, LPP Extensions Specification, Open Mobile Alliance.
[21]
TS 36.101: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception".
[22]
ITU-T Recommendation X.691 (07/2002) "Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Packed Encoding Rules (PER)" (Same as the ISO/IEC International Standard 8825-2).
[23]
BDS-SIS-ICD-B1I-3.0: "BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal In Space Interface Control Document Open Service Signal B1I (Version 3.0)", February, 2019.
[24]
ATIS-0500027: "Recommendations for Establishing Wide Scale Indoor Location Performance", May 2015.
[25]
Bluetooth Special Interest Group: "Bluetooth Core Specification v4.2", December 2014.
[26]
IEEE 802.11, Part 11: "Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications".
[27]
RFC 6225, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Options for Coordinate-Based Location Configuration Information", July 2011.
[28]
TS 36.213: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer procedures".
[29]
"Earth Gravitational Model 96 (EGM96)", National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, NASA.
[30]
RTCM Standard 10403.3: "Differential GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) Services" - Version 3, October 7, 2016.
[31]
IGS ANTEX: "The Antenna Exchanged Format" - version 1.4, September 15, 2010.
[32]
Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 197, "Specification for the ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD (AES)", November 26, 2001.
[33]
NIST Special Publication 800-38A, "Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation Methods and Techniques", 2001.
[34]
TS 38.101-2: "NR; User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception; Part 2: Range 2 Standalone".
[35]
TS 38.331: "NR; Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification".
[36]
TS 38.215: "NR; Physical layer measurements".
[37]
TS 38.101-1: "NR; User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception; Part 1: Range 1 Standalone".
[38]
IRNSS Signal-In-Space (SPS) Interface Control Document (ICD) for standard positioning service version 1.1, Aug 2017.
[39]
BDS-SIS-ICD-B1C-1.0: "BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal In Space Interface Control Document Open Service Signal B1C (Version 1.0)", December, 2017.
[40]
TS 38.305: "NG Radio Access Network (NG-RAN); Stage 2 functional specification of User Equipment (UE) positioning in NG-RAN".
[41]
TS 38.211: "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; NR; Physical channels and modulation".
[42]
TS 23.273: "5G System (5GS) Location Services (LCS); Stage 2".
[43]
IS-QZSS-L6-001, Quasi-Zenith Satellite System Interface Specification - Centimetre Level Augmentation Service, Cabinet Office, November 5, 2018.
[44]
TR 38.901: "Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz".
[45]
TS 38.214: "NR; Physical layer procedures for data".
[46]
TS 38.133: "NR; Requirements for support of radio resource management".
[47]
TS 38.300: "NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2".
[48]
TS 38.213: "NR; Physical layer procedures for control".
[49]
BDS-SIS-ICD-B2a-1.0: "BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal In Space Interface Control Document Open Service Signal B2a (Version 1.0)", December, 2017.
[50]
BDS-SIS-ICD-B3I-1.0: "BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal In Space Interface Control Document Open Service Signal B3I (Version 1.0)", February, 2018.
[51]
NMEA standard 0183, Version 4.11, November 2018.
[52]
BDS-SIS-ICD-PPP-B2b-1.0: "BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal In Space Interface Control Document Precise Point Positioning Service Signal PPP-B2b (Version 1.0)", July, 2020.
[53]
Bluetooth Special Interest Group: "Bluetooth Core Specification v5.4", February 2023.
[54]
TS 38.101-5: "User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception; Part 5: Satellite access Radio Frequency (RF) and performance requirements".
3 Definitions and Abbreviations p. 16
3.1 Definitions p. 16
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in TR 21.905, TS 36.305, TS 23.271, 38.305 [40] and TS 23.273 apply. Other definitions are provided below.
Anchor carrier:
In NB-IoT, a carrier where the UE assumes that NPSS/NSSS/NPBCH/SIB-NB for FDD or NPSS/NSSS/NPBCH for TDD are transmitted.
Location Server:
a physical or logical entity (e.g., E-SMLC, SUPL SLP, or LMF) that manages positioning for a target device by obtaining measurements and other location information from one or more positioning units and providing assistance data to positioning units to help determine this. A Location Server may also compute or verify the final location estimate.
NB-IoT:
NB-IoT allows access to network services via E-UTRA with a channel bandwidth limited to 200 kHz.
Observed Time Difference Of Arrival (OTDOA):
The time interval that is observed by a target device between the reception of downlink signals from two different TPs. If a signal from TP 1 is received at the moment t1, and a signal from TP 2 is received at the moment t2, the OTDOA is t2 - t1.
Positioning frequency layer:
A positioning frequency layer is defined as a collection of DL-PRS Resource Sets where each DL-PRS Resource Set is in turn a collection of DL-PRS Resources. All DL-PRS Resources from all DL-PRS Resource Sets from the same positioning frequency layer have some common/same DL-PRS parameters viz. DL-PRS subcarrier spacing, DL-PRS Resource bandwidth, DL-PRS start PRB, DL-PRS Point A, DL-PRS Comb size and DL-PRS cyclic prefix.
PRS-only TP:
A TP which only transmits PRS signals or DL-PRS for PRS-based TBS positioning and is not associated with a cell.
Reference Source:
a physical entity or part of a physical entity that provides signals (e.g., RF, acoustic, infra-red) that can be measured (e.g., by a Target Device) in order to obtain the location of a Target Device.
Relative Time Difference (RTD):
The relative time difference between a TRP i and a TRP j, is defined as tj - ti, where ti and tj are defined as the time when TRP i and j transmit the start of one subframe respectively.
Rx Time Delay:
From a signal reception perspective, there will be a time delay from the time when the RF signal arrives at the Rx antenna to the time when the signal is digitized and time-stamped at the baseband.
Rx Timing Error:
Result of Rx Time Delay involved in the reception of a signal before reporting measurements that are obtained from the signal. It is the uncalibrated Rx Time Delay, or the remaining delay after the UE/TRP internal calibration/compensation of the Rx Time Delay, involved in the reception of the DL-PRS/UL SRS signals. The calibration/compensation may also include the calibration/compensation of the relative time delay between different RF chains in the same UE/TRP and may also possibly consider the offset of the Rx antenna phase centre to the physical antenna centre.
Target Device:
the device that is being positioned (e.g., UE or SUPL SET).
Transmission Point (TP):
A set of geographically co-located transmit antennas (e.g. antenna array (with one or more antenna elements)) for one cell, part of one cell or one PRS-only TP. Transmission Points can include base station (eNodeB) antennas, remote radio heads, a remote antenna of a base station, an antenna of a PRS-only TP, etc. One cell can be formed by one or multiple transmission points. For a homogeneous deployment, each transmission point may correspond to one cell.
Transmission-Reception Point (TRP):
A set of geographically co-located antennas (e.g. antenna array (with one or more antenna elements)) supporting TP and/or RP functionality.
TRP Tx Timing Error Group (TRP Tx TEG):
Tx Timing Errors, associated with TRP transmissions on one or more DL-PRS Resources, that are within a certain margin.
Tx Time Delay:
From a signal transmission perspective, the time delay from the time when the digital signal is generated at baseband to the time when the RF signal is transmitted from the Tx antenna.
Tx Timing Error:
Result of Tx Time Delay involved in the transmission of a signal. It is the uncalibrated Tx Time Delay, or the remaining delay after the TRP/UE internal calibration/compensation of the Tx Time Delay, involved in the transmission of the DL-PRS/UL SRS signals. The calibration/compensation may also include the calibration/compensation of the relative time delay between different RF chains in the same TRP/UE and may also possibly consider the offset of the Tx antenna phase centre to the physical antenna centre.
UE Rx Timing Error Group (UE Rx TEG):
Rx Timing Errors, associated with UE reporting of one or more DL measurements, that are within a certain margin.
UE RxTx Timing Error Group (UE RxTx TEG):
Rx Timing Errors and Tx Timing Errors, associated with UE reporting of one or more UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements, which have the 'Rx Timing Errors + Tx Timing Errors' differences within a certain margin.
UE Tx Timing Error Group (UE Tx TEG):
Tx Timing Errors, associated with UE transmissions on one or more UL SRS resources for positioning purpose, that are within a certain margin.
3.2 Abbreviations p. 17
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply.
ADR
Accumulated Delta-Range
A-GNSS
Assisted-GNSS
AoA
Angle-of-Arrival
AoD
Angle-of-Departure
AP
Access Point
ARFCN
Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number
ARP
Antenna Reference Point
BDS
BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
BIPM
Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures)
BSSID
Basic Service Set Identifier
BTS
Base Transceiver Station (GERAN)
CID
Cell-ID (positioning method)
CNAV
Civil Navigation
CRS
Cell-specific Reference Signals
DL-AoD
Downlink Angle-of-Departure
DL-TDOA
Downlink Time Difference Of Arrival
ECEF
Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed
ECGI
Evolved Cell Global Identifier
ECI
Earth-Centered-Inertial
E-CID
Enhanced Cell-ID (positioning method)
EGNOS
European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service
E-SMLC
Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Centre
E-UTRA
Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
E-UTRAN
Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
EOP
Earth Orientation Parameters
EPDU
External Protocol Data Unit
FDMA
Frequency Division Multiple Access
FEC
Forward Error Correction
FKP
(German) Flächen-Korrektur-Parameter (area correction parameter)
FTA
Fine Time Assistance
GAGAN
GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation
GLONASS
GLObal'naya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (Engl.: Global Navigation Satellite System)
GNSS
Global Navigation Satellite System
GPS
Global Positioning System
HA GNSS
High-Accuracy GNSS (RTK, PPP)
HPL
Horizontal Protection Level
ICD
Interface Control Document
IGS
International GNSS Service
IOD
Issue of Data
IRNSS
Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
IS
Interface Specification
LLA
Latitude Longitude Altitude
LMF
Location Management Function
LOS
Line-of-Sight
LPP
LTE Positioning Protocol
LPPa
LTE Positioning Protocol Annex
LSB
Least Significant Bit
MAC
Master Auxiliary Concept
MBS
Metropolitan Beacon System
MG
Measurement Gap
MO-LR
Mobile Originated Location Request
MSAS
Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System
MSB
Most Significant Bit
msd
mean solar day
MT-LR
Mobile Terminated Location Request
Multi-RTT
Multiple-Round Trip Time
NAV
Navigation
NavIC
NAVigation with Indian Constellation
NB-IoT
NarrowBand Internet of Things
NCGI
NR Cell Global Identifier
NICT
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
NI-LR
Network Induced Location Request
NLOS
Non-Line-of-Sight
NPRS
Narrowband Positioning Reference Signals
NR
NR Radio Access
NRSRP
Narrowband Reference Signal Received Power
NRSRQ
Narrowband Reference Signal Received Quality
NTN
Non-Terrestrial Network
NTSC
National Time Service Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences
OSR
Observation Space Representation
OTDOA
Observed Time Difference Of Arrival
PBCH
Physical Broadcast Channel
PDU
Protocol Data Unit
PFL
Positioning Frequency Layer
PL
Protection Level
PPP
Precise Point Positioning
PPW
PRS Processing Window
PRB
Physical Resource Block
PRC
Pseudo-Range Correction
PRS
Positioning Reference Signals
posSIB
Positioning System Information Block
PRU
Positioning Reference Unit
PZ-90
Parametry Zemli 1990 Goda - Parameters of the Earth Year 1990
QZS
Quasi Zenith Satellite
QZSS
Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
QZST
Quasi-Zenith System Time
RF
Radio Frequency
RP
Reception Point
RRC
Range-Rate Correction
RRC
Radio Resource Control
RSCP
Reference Signal Carrier Phase
RSCPD
Reference Signal Carrier Phase Difference
RSRP
Reference Signal Received Power
RSRPP
Reference Signal Received Path Power
RSRQ
Reference Signal Received Quality
RSTD
Reference Signal Time Difference
RTK
Real-Time Kinematic
RTT
Round Trip Time
RU
Russia
SBAS
Space Based Augmentation System
SET
SUPL Enabled Terminal
SFN
System Frame Number
SLP
SUPL Location Platform
SRS
Sounding Reference Signal
SS
Synchronization Signal
SSB
Synchronization Signal Block, SS/PBCH Block
SSID
Service Set Identifier
SSR
State Space Representation
STEC
Slant TEC
SUPL
Secure User Plane Location
SV
Space Vehicle
TB
Terrestrial Beacon
TBS
Terrestrial Beacon System
TEC
Total Electron Content
TECU
TEC Units
TEG
Timing Error Group
TIR
Target Integrity Risk
TLM
Telemetry
TOA
Time Of Arrival
TOD
Time Of Day
TOW
Time Of Week
TP
Transmission Point
TRP
Transmission-Reception Point
UDRE
User Differential Range Error
ULP
User Plane Location Protocol
URA
User Range Accuracy
USNO
US Naval Observatory
UT1
Universal Time No.1
UTC
Coordinated Universal Time
VPL
Vertical Protection Level
WAAS
Wide Area Augmentation System
WGS-84
World Geodetic System 1984
WLAN
Wireless Local Area Network
