Media services in general, but also in particular eXtended Reality (XR) and Cloud Gaming are some of the most important 5G media applications under consideration in the industry. XR is an umbrella term for different types of realities and refers to all real-and-virtual combined environments and human-machine interactions generated by computer technology and wearables. It includes representative forms such as Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) and the areas interpolated among them. On XR and Cloud Gaming traffic with high throughput, low latency and high reliability requirements, it is important to consider system aspects of such services. If the traffic requirements of the XR and Cloud Gaming service are flexible (e.g., the underlying architecture allows adaptation of content), then the capacity of the service can be studied by assessing the delay, throughput and reliability variations with increasing number of users in the system. In order to properly study this, detailed traffic characteristics are necessary. Based on this, the present document provides traffic models and quality evaluation methods for different media and eXtended Reality (XR) Services. In order to address this, generic modelling considerations are introduced and for different services reference designs, simulation models and suitable quality metrics are reported. This information permits to obtain accurate information on exact bitrate and delay requirements in uplink and downlink, develop detailed traffic traces, develop suitable statistical models for media and XR traffic and to evaluate the expected media quality of such services. The information may be used by other 3GPP groups in order to assess media quality for different configuration of 5G System parameters, as well as for evaluating the requirements in terms of QoS for XR and media services.

The present document provides traffic models and quality evaluation methods for different media and eXtended Reality (XR) Services. In order to address this, generic modelling considerations are introduced and for different services reference designs, simulation models and suitable quality metrics are reported. This information permits to obtain accurate information on exact bitrate and delay requirements in uplink and downlink, develop detailed traffic traces, develop suitable statistical models for media and XR traffic and to evaluate the expected media quality of such services. The information may be used by other 3GPP groups in order to assess media quality for different configuration of 5G System parameters, as well as for evaluating the requirements in terms of QoS for XR and media services.

The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document.

• References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same Release as the present document.

In an initial version of TR 26.925, Typical Traffic Characteristics for Operator and Third-Party Services have been collected. The work was initiated based on communication between SA4 and SA1. During the course of the work, additional requests from SA1 were received that have been partially addressed in the initial version of TR 26.925. 3GPP TSG SA WG4 (Codec) addressed their mandate on "Guidance to other 3GPP groups concerning required QoS parameters and other system implications, including channel coding requirements, imposed by different multimedia codecs in both circuit-switched and packet-switched environments." Furthermore, during the study for eXtended Reality (XR) over 5G (FS_5GXR) documented in TR26.928, several initial considerations for XR services including cloud gaming had been collected. Specifically, parameters such as downlink and uplink bitrates, packet delay budgets, error rates and round-trip times are collected, but several of those for different cases are kept FFS and need more work. In particular, eXtended Reality (XR) and Cloud Gaming are some of the most important 5G media applications under consideration in the industry. XR is an umbrella term for different types of realities and refers to all real-and-virtual combined environments and human-machine interactions generated by computer technology and wearables. It includes representative forms such as Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) and the areas interpolated among them. This Technical Report attempts to provide the following information:

• Collect and document traffic characteristics including for different services, but not limited to
  • Downlink data rate ranges
  • Uplink data rate ranges
  • Maximum packet delay budget in uplink and downlink
  • Maximum Packet Error Rate,
  • Maximum Round Trip Time
  • Traffic Characteristics on IP level in uplink and downlink in terms of packet sizes, and temporal characteristics. XR Services and Cloud Gaming based on the initial information documented in TR 26.928 including.
• Collect additional information, such as codecs and protocols in use.
• Provide the information from above at least for the following services (initial services)
  • Viewport independent 6DoF Streaming
  • Viewport dependent 6DoF Streaming
  • Simple Single Buffer split rendering for online cloud gaming
  • Cloud gaming
  • MTSI-based XR conversational services
• Identify additional relevant XR and other media services and document their traffic characteristics
• Document additional developments in the industry that impact traffic characteristics in future networks
• Identify the applicability of existing 5QIs/PQIs for such services and potentially identify requirements for new 5QIs/PQIs or QoS related parameters.

The work is expected to be carried out with other 3GPP groups and external organizations on relevant aspects related to the scope of the work. In addition, extensions to TR 26.925 are developed to document traffic characteristics for XR applications.