Content for  TR 22.865  Word version:  19.2.0

In Mediterranean climate regions, forest fires are quite common in summer months due to temperature rise [14]. The early detection and monitoring of forest fire is important for fire suppression quickly and reducing the loss of human and property. Therefore, how to detect the forest fire in real time and accurately is an urgent problem to be solved. Another problem is that due to extremely low population density and complex geography, these regions are often not covered by terrestrial networks. UAV equipped with satellite access capabilities is a feasible method, mainly through the following steps:

• The UAV collects real-time information (including high-precision three-dimensional surface topographic data, real-time pictures, real-time video, etc.);
• This real-time information is transmitted to the forest fire monitoring centre via the 5G network with satellite access;
• The forest fire monitoring centre monitors whether there is a fire, and may request the position of the UAV and adjust its route;
• The positioning services request and adjustment command are sent to the UAV via the 5G network with satellite access.

Forest fire monitoring centre with AI system can optimize the route through real-time information collected by UAV. In addition, the 5G system provides high-precision positioning of the UAV, which has been specified in TS 22.261. But for UAVs using only satellites access, 5G system is difficult to provide high-precision positioning service under low latency. The end-to-end delay of LEO based satellite access can reach 35 ms [2]. After 5G system gets the real-time location data of flying UAV, it sends them to a trusted third party (e.g., The forest fire monitoring centre equipped with AI system) for UAVs to assist flying.

Forest fire monitoring centre has several UAVs to patrol the Forest A. Each UAV has a 4K camera for collecting real-time pictures. In Forest A, there is no terrestrial network. So, the Forest fire monitoring centre has signed contract with Sat A, an operator with satellite communication services. Then, these UAVs can send real-time pictures to the forest fire monitoring centre via satellite. The forest fire monitoring centre supports UTM function, and deploys AI system. It can evaluate these pictures to determine whether a fire is present or whether the UAV's flight route is off-course.

1. The UAV A takes a real-time picture with its 4-way 4K full-angle camera;
2. The picture is transmitted to the forest fire monitoring centre via the 5G network with satellite access network. This would require high data rate (e.g., 120Mbit/s) in UL direction.
3. The forest fire monitoring centre uses the AI system to determine whether there is a fire, according to the received picture. In case of fire, the forest fire monitoring centre will request the position of the UAV.
4. After receiving the positioning service request, the 5G network detects an error that the negotiated location delivery latency cannot be guaranteed. Then, it provides a lower position accuracy to ensure latency.
5. If the forest fire monitoring centre decides to adjust the route of UAV A, it will send adjustment commands to the UAV via the 5G network with satellite access network, which requires low delay and high reliability in DL direction.

UAV adjusts its route.

There are a few position requirements specified in TS 22.125, which have been described as: There are also a few position requirements specified in TS 22.261, which have been described as: In TS 22.071, the following location service requirements are captured: About horizontal accuracy: About vertical accuracy: About location delivery latency:

[PR 5.12.6-001] [PR 5.12.6-002]