3GPP has introduced several features using unlicensed band for 3GPP RATs. As allocated amount of radio spectrum for unlicensed band increases, this will provide new opportunities for the increased usage of 3GPP RATs and further connectivity opportunities for users. Because this unlicensed band can be used by any technology and any user as long as certain requirements are met, and because the coordination between the users in this spectrum are week, the QoS may not be equal to that can be provided over licensed band. Thus, the connectivity service provided over this band may be applicable to some applications, if provided with right usage policies.

Operator Universal owns a licensed spectrum. Also, in the region where Operator Universal operates, huge amount of unlicensed spectrum is available. Thus, the operator Universal decides to upgrade some of its NG-RANs to support both the unlicensed spectrum and the licensed spectrum. Charlie has subscription with Operator Universal with certain monthly data quota. Due to heavy watching of online streaming service, Charlie almost used up his monthly data quota. Charlie's smartphone is advanced one which also supports NR operation over unlicensed band.

Following is service flow for this use case:

• Charlie is a fan of pro-baseball. One day, he goes to nearby stadium to directly watch one of pro-baseball games.
• At the pro-baseball stadium, due to huge demand for connectivity, the Operator Universal already upgrades the NG-RAN equipment to support also unlicensed spectrum.
• The Operator Universal decides to allow some of its customers to use connectivity service over unlicensed spectrum.
• Charlie finds out that the Operator Universal provides connectivity service over unlicensed band within the stadium. He configures his smartphone to use unlicensed band only when he is located within this stadium, because his monthly quota has almost run out. This configuration information is also shared to the Operator Universal.
• The Operator Universal approves the connectivity over unlicensed band. Except some essential operator service such as IMS, all the other the user traffic for Charlie is delivered only using the unlicensed bands.
• Finally, the pro-baseball game ends.
• Charlie leaves the stadium. Outside of the stadium, the Operator Universal does not provide connectivity service over unlicensed spectrum. Thus, the Charlies smartphones are served by the NG-RAN of the operator using licensed bands.

The Operator Universal gathers charging information related to the use of connectivity service over unlicensed band.

N/A

Following new requirements can be derived from this use case: [PR.5.1.6-1] [PR.5.1.6-2] [PR.5.1.6-3] [PR.5.1.6-4]

When the user visits a foreign country for a few days, the user may want to have access to temporary mobile data service and prefer to have an arrangement directly with a local provider for the temporary mobile data service, while keeping an arrangement with its home provider for other services. The use case in this section assumes that the UE uses the credential of the home provider also for the temporary mobile data service, though the subscription for the temporary mobile data service is bound to the local provider. The case where the local provider uses a separate independent credential for the temporary mobile data service is not in the scope of this use case.

Lily is traveling around the world. She has no strict schedule and always wanders off on her own. Sometimes she stays in a new place for several days if she likes there. In some place where Lily decides to buy the roaming data service provided by a local network e.g. via an app that she has obtained from a 3rd party data service provider.

Lily can access to the internet and use apps via the mobile data service of the network where she is temporary subscriber now or can temporarily use the service during the validity period of the service within the valid location using the subscribed RAT, until the maximum data quota is reached. Lily uses her normal phone number for making and receiving calls or SMS over the VPLMN by means of traditional roaming and charging information per the roaming agreement is reported to Lily home operator.

Existing specifications support the home-routed traffic service and local-breakout traffic service for roaming cases. For the local-breakout service, even if the traffic does not traverse the home network, the service is associated to the subscribed service toward the home network. In this use case, the temporary data service is different from the local-breakout service, because it is not the subscribed service toward the home network. TS 22.261 has following requirements:

• The 5G system shall enable users to obtain services from more than one network simultaneously on an on-demand basis. For a user with a single operator subscription, the use of multiple serving networks operated by different operators shall be under the control of the home operator.

Thus, following requirement is covered by above requirements:

• 5G system shall be able to provide the UE simultaneously with both the temporary local services subscribed to the local hosting network and the services subscribed to home operator.
• The 3rd party service provider shall be able to agree the details of a temporary subscription for local services (such as validity period, location, QoS, services etc.) with a local hosting network.
• The 5G system shall allow a UE to present available local hosting networks to the user, which the user is allowed to use.

[PR.5.2.6-1] [PR.5.2.6-2]

Given the main objective of the study that UEs and their service providers are without previous relationship to the hosting network, automatic e-agreement mechanisms are needed to allow network operators to build short term relationship using application layer approaches. The e-agreement mechanisms allow the automation of multi-step processes in telecommunication domain to establish service level e-agreement among network operators for enabling the 5GS to facilitate the sharing of services and resources of the networks among network operators and to configure their networks and UEs accordingly at specific occasion, e.g. time and location. The application layer approaches require 5G network to expose network capabilities. For example, as shown in Figure 5.3.1-1, the e-agreement is established among service operators, e.g. SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C have no SLAs in place for the services provided by SP-A's hosting network-A.

The SP-A operator creates an e-agreement which provides the localized service configuration. The SP-B and SP-C operators can subscribe this localized service with required service policies for their UEs. The SP-B and SP-C can then configure their UEs for localized service. Based on the e-agreement, the hosting network can be configured with localized service at a specific time and location for its subscribers (other network operator), e.g. localized service policies of time, location, network-A access parameters, including spectrum, access technologies (3GPP or non-3GPP), network slice, charging policies, and subscriber's network policies for authentication, and routing. Based on the e-agreement, the hosting network configuration creation and termination can be performed by SP-A or a trusted third-party application of the subscriber representing other network operator. With the application layer approach, the localized service can be used by authorized UEs of SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C which subscribes the service.

At the Monster theme park built with genetically engineered living monsters on an island having a surface of 30 square miles, which only opens once a year to allow visitors to onboard and enjoy three days adventures. From the lessons learned from disaster happened in Jurassic park in 1993, the Monster park management as SP-A decides to replace the wirelines with 5G networks around the island for better network coverage and advanced and secure 5G features. For the past few years, the visitors had tons of service complains about the network connectivity for the availabilities of their home operators on the island. This year, SP-A decides to use their 5G network to offer a hosting network-A providing access to localized service for sharing this service using blockchain technologies with other service providers, e.g. SP-B, and SP-C, in which SP-B's network is not available in the whole island and SP-C's network is very spotty and available at some zones. Both SP-B and SP-C subscribe the localized service from SP-A for their UEs. When the schedule event is started, the network-A starts to provision localized services based on service contract with SP-B and SP-C and to broadcast related information via hosting networks on the island. Lexi and Timmy are Dr. Hammond's grandchildren who invited them to attend this annual event this year, and they have UEs, UE-C1 and UE-C2, with SP-C's subscriptions. The SP-C (NPN or PLMN) subscribed to SP-A's localized services configures their UEs with localized service provided by SP-A.

The SP-A provides the localized service to authenticated and authorized visitors whose UEs' service providers subscribe the localized service based on the service contract. Lexi and Timmy enjoy good user experience on using their home network service of SP-C via network-A in the remote island.

The existing service requirements for roaming users assume that roaming policies are in place for UEs to use their home network services. The UE is able to access visited network using UE's credential on UICC/eSIM based on its home network's subscription.

[PR.5.3.6-1] [PR.5.3.6-2] [PR.5.3.6-3] [PR.5.3.6-4] [PR.5.3.6-5]

• access to the hosting network and use home network services or selected localized services via the hosting network.
• seamless service continuity for home network services or selected localized services when moving between two hosting networks or a host network and the home network.

This use case assumes that network operators can build short term relationship using application layer approach, e.g. using smart contracts based blockchain technologies, for offering localized services provided by different service providers via a hosting network. The application layer approaches require 5G network to expose network capabilities for the localized service. For example, for the automatic e-agreement mechanism deployed by SP-A for a localized service at a specific occasion (starting time, duration and location), which allows localized services to be shared among service providers. In addition, the e-agreement can also allow the hosting network to accommodate temporary localized services provided by different service providers. Based on the e-agreement, the hosting network can be configured with localized service at a specific time and location for its service subscribers (other network operator), e.g. localized service policies of time (including duration, starting time), location, network-A access parameters, including spectrum, access technologies (3GPP or non-3GPP), network slice, charging policies, and subscriber's network policies for authentication, and routing. In the meantime, the SP-A and SP-B can further offer localized services via hosting network. The 5G network provides suitable mechanisms to allow establishing automatic roaming (e)-agreements for a specific occasion (time and location) and building temporary relationship among hosting network operator (NPN or PLMN) and other service operators including network operators or third-party content service providers. The localized service configuration can be provisioned in the hosting network based on the e-agreement. For example, SP-C can subscribe SP-A's localized service of the hosting network and SP-B's localized service based on e-agreement for their UEs and configures their UEs with localized service. When a UE configured with localized service connects to hosting network SP-A which can present available localized services provided by different service providers for UEs configured with localized services to select any one of them. When using SP-B's localized service, the SP-C's UEs can be charged by their home network.

At the Monster theme park on an island hosting three days adventures for visitors, the park has SP-A network coverage for a hosting network-A providing access to localized service which has been subscribed by SP-B and SP-C for their UEs based on e-agreement established by SP-A for sharing this localized service. In the meantime, SP-B's network is not available on the island and SP-C's network is very spotty and only available at some zones. For the on-demand dedicated services, SP-A deploys localized services on its owned Service Hosting Environment-A for streaming live video and immersive media in different monsters' zones. SP-B also provides localized services on its Service Hosting Environment-B connected to the hosting network for superhero interactive game via hosting network-A. SP-D is a content service provider which offers localized services on its application platform-D for streaming movies. The SP-C subscribes SP-A's and SP-B's localized services for their UEs attending adventures on the island. In addition, the SP-C rents the resource from the SP-A for providing localized services for interactive Monster hunting games on its owned Service Hosting Environment-C connected to the hosting network. When the scheduled event is started, the network-A starts to provision localized services as well as the temporary localized services provided by different service providers. Lexi and Timmy visit their grandfather and attend this annual event. Their UEs, UE-C1 and UE-C2, are both with SP-C's subscriptions. The SP-C subscribed SP-A's localized services configures their UEs with information of hosting network identity for selecting hosting network and credentials for accessing localized services via hosting network.

Use Case A: Use Case B:

Use Case A: Use Case B:

The existing service requirements for roaming users assume that roaming policies are in place for UEs to use their home network services or localized services provided by other service providers.

[PR.5.4.6-1] [PR.5.4.6-1A] [PR.5.4.6-2] [PR.5.4.6-2A] [PR.5.4.6-3] [PR.5.4.6-4] [PR.5.4.6-5] [PR.5.4.6-6] [PR.5.4.6-7] [PR.5.4.6-8]