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Content for TR 45.811 Word version: 6.0.0

0… 4…

4 U-TDOA: System Description p. 7

4.1 Overview p. 7

4.1.1 Classic GSM p. 7

4.1.2 UMTS p. 8

4.2 Block Diagram p. 8

5 U-TDOA: Performance Analysis p. 9

5.1 Introduction p. 9

5.2 Review of the Fundamental Drivers of Location Accuracy p. 9

5.3 Comparison of GSM Versus IS-136 TDMA p. 9

5.4 Modelling Methodology p. 10

5.5 Conclusion p. 11

6 U-TDOA: System Impacts p. 11

6.1 Protocol Impacts p. 11

6.1.1 GSM p. 11

6.1.2 GPRS p. 12

6.1.3 Common Protocols for Location Services p. 12

6.2 Impacts to Existing Nodes p. 13

6.2.1 BTS p. 13

6.2.2 BSC p. 13

6.2.3 PCU p. 13

6.2.4 MSC/VLR p. 13

6.2.5 SGSN p. 13

6.2.6 SMLC p. 13

6.2.7 LMU p. 13

6.2.8 MS p. 13

6.3 Network Capacity Impacts p. 14

6.3.1 Network Assumptions p. 14

6.3.2 Um and Abis Interfaces p. 15

6.3.3 Lb Interface p. 15

6.3.4 Gb Interface p. 18

6.3.5 MS Power Consumption p. 18

6.4 Impact on Specifications p. 18

6.4.1 3GPP TS 48.018: BSSGP p. 18

6.4.2 3GPP TS 49.031: BSSAP-LE p. 18

6.4.3 3GPP TS 48.071: BSSLAP p. 19

6.4.4 3GPP TS 44.071: LLP p. 19

6.4.5 3GPP TS 43.059: LCS Stage 2 Document p. 19

7 U-TDOA Call Flows p. 20

7.1 Packet Switched p. 20

7.1.1 General Location Procedure p. 20

7.1.2 PS U-TDOA, Packet Idle Mode p. 21

7.1.3 PS U-TDOA, Ready State, Uplink data transfer in progress p. 22

7.2 Circuit Switched p. 23

7.2.1 CS, Idle Mode p. 23

7.2.2 CS, Dedicated Mode p. 24

8 Implementation Considerations p. 25

8.1 Physical Implementation of the LMU p. 25

8.1.1 Stand-alone LMU p. 25

8.1.2 BTS Module p. 25

8.1.3 Integrated LMU p. 25

8.2 Latency p. 25

8.3 Synchronization p. 26

8.4 Location Determination Capacity p. 26

8.5 MS Power Control p. 26

8.6 Operation with Repeaters p. 26

8.7 Privacy p. 27

9 U-TDOA Advantages and Disadvantages p. 28

9.1 Advantages of U-TDOA p. 28

9.1.1 Excellent Performance in Urban and Indoor Environments p. 28

9.1.2 Support for Legacy Mobile Stations p. 28

9.1.3 Scalable Accuracy p. 28

9.1.4 Support for Roaming Subscribers p. 28

9.1.5 Efficient Use of RF Resources p. 28

9.1.6 Protection from Obsolescence p. 28

9.1.7 Proven Technology p. 29

9.2 Disadvantages of U-TDOA p. 29

9.2.1 U-TDOA is currently perceived as being prohibitively complicated p. 29

9.2.2 Accuracy of U-TDOA degrades in some rural areas p. 29

10 Conclusion p. 29

A Analysis of GSM and GPRS Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (U-TDOA) p. 30

A.1 Introduction p. 30

A.2 Review of the Fundamental Drivers of Location Accuracy p. 30

A.3 Comparison of GSM Versus TDMA p. 31

A.4 Comparison of U-TDOA and E-OTD Performance p. 62

A.4.1 Location Accuracy p. 62

A.4.2 SNR and Integration Time p. 62

A.4.2.1 E-OTD p. 63

A.4.2.2 A-GPS p. 63

A.4.2.3 U-TDOA p. 63

A.4.3 Signal Bandwidth p. 63

A.4.3.1 E-OTD p. 63

A.4.3.2 A-GPS p. 63

A.4.3.3 U-TDOA p. 63

A.4.4 Super-resolution p. 64

A.4.4.1 E-OTD p. 64

A.4.4.2 A-GPS p. 64

A.4.4.3 U-TDOA p. 64

A.4.5 Timing Stability of the Receiver p. 64

A.4.5.1 E-OTD p. 64

A.4.5.2 A-GPS p. 64

A.4.5.3 U-TDOA p. 64

A.4.6 Number of Measurements p. 64

A.4.6.1 E-OTD p. 65

A.4.6.2 A-GPS p. 65

A.4.6.3 U-TDOA p. 65

A.4.7 Geometry p. 65

A.4.7.1 E-OTD p. 65

A.4.7.2 A-GPS p. 65

A.4.7.3 U-TDOA p. 65

A.5 Conclusion p. 66

B Functional Description of Predictive Model p. 68

B.1 Calculation of rms error weighted HDOP p. 69

B.2 The HDOP Calculation p. 69

B.3 Calculation of partial derivatives p. 70

$ Change history p. 72