RFC 4037
Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) Callout Protocol (OCP) Core
Pages: 56
Proposed Standard
Proposed Standard
Part 1 of 3 – Pages 1 to 15
Network Working Group A. Rousskov Request for Comments: 4037 The Measurement Factory Category: Standards Track March 2005 Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) Callout Protocol (OCP) Core Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).Abstract
This document specifies the core of the Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) Callout Protocol (OCP). OCP marshals application messages from other communication protocols: An OPES intermediary sends original application messages to a callout server; the callout server sends adapted application messages back to the processor. OCP is designed with typical adaptation tasks in mind (e.g., virus and spam management, language and format translation, message anonymization, or advertisement manipulation). As defined in this document, the OCP Core consists of application-agnostic mechanisms essential for efficient support of typical adaptations.Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2. OPES Document Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2. Overall Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1. Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2. Original Dataflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3. Adapted Dataflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.4. Multiple Application Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.5. Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.6. Message Exchange Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.7. Timeouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.8. Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3. Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1. Message Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2. Message Rendering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.3. Message Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.4. Message Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4. Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5. Invalid Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6. Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.1. Negotiation Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.2. Negotiation Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7. 'Data Preservation' Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8. 'Premature Dataflow Termination' Optimizations . . . . . . . . 21
8.1. Original Dataflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.2. Adapted Dataflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.3. Getting Out of the Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
9. Protocol Element Type Declaration Mnemonic (PETDM) . . . . . . 25
9.1 Optional Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
10. Message Parameter Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
10.1. uri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
10.2. uni. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
10.3. size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
10.4. offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
10.5. percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
10.6. boolean. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
10.7. xid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
10.8. sg-id. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
10.9. modp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
10.10. result. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
10.11. feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
10.12. features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
10.13. service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
10.14. services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
10.15. Dataflow Specializations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
11. Message Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
11.1. Connection Start (CS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
11.2. Connection End (CE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
11.3. Service Group Created (SGC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
11.4. Service Group Destroyed (SGD) . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
11.5. Transaction Start (TS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
11.6. Transaction End (TE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
11.7. Application Message Start (AMS) . . . . . . . . . . . 37
11.8. Application Message End (AME) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
11.9. Data Use Mine (DUM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
11.10. Data Use Yours (DUY). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
11.11. Data Preservation Interest (DPI). . . . . . . . . . . 39
11.12. Want Stop Receiving Data (DWSR) . . . . . . . . . . . 40
11.13. Want Stop Sending Data (DWSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
11.14. Stop Sending Data (DSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
11.15. Want Data Paused (DWP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
11.16. Paused My Data (DPM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
11.17. Want More Data (DWM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
11.18. Negotiation Offer (NO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
11.19. Negotiation Response (NR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
11.20. Ability Query (AQ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
11.21. Ability Answer (AA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
11.22. Progress Query (PQ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
11.23. Progress Answer (PA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
11.24. Progress Report (PR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
12. IAB Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
13. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
14. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
15. Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
15.1. Extending OCP Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
A. Message Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
B. State Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
C. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
16. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
16.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
16.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Author's Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Full Copyright Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
1. Introduction
The Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) architecture [RFC3835]
enables cooperative application services (OPES services) between a
data provider, a data consumer, and zero or more OPES processors.
The application services under consideration analyze and possibly
transform application-level messages exchanged between the data
provider and the data consumer.
The OPES processor can delegate the responsibility of service
execution by communicating with callout servers. As described in
[RFC3836], an OPES processor invokes and communicates with services
on a callout server by using an OPES callout protocol (OCP). This
document specifies the core of that protocol ("OCP Core").
The OCP Core specification documents general application-independent
protocol mechanisms. A separate series of documents describes
application-specific aspects of OCP. For example, "HTTP Adaptation
with OPES" [OPES-HTTP] describes, in part, how HTTP messages and HTTP
meta-information can be communicated over OCP.
Section 1.2 provides a brief overview of the entire OPES document
collection, including documents describing OPES use cases and
security threats.
1.1. Scope
The OCP Core specification documents the behavior of OCP agents and the requirements for OCP extensions. OCP Core does not contain requirements or mechanisms specific for application protocols being adapted. As an application proxy, the OPES processor proxies a single application protocol or converts from one application protocol to another. At the same time, OPES processor may be an OCP client, using OCP to facilitate adaptation of proxied messages at callout servers. It is therefore natural to assume that an OPES processor takes application messages being proxied, marshals them over OCP to callout servers, and then puts the adaptation results back on the wire. However, this assumption implies that OCP is applied directly to application messages that OPES processor is proxying, which may not be the case. OPES processor scope callout server scope +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | pre-processing | OCP scope | | | +- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+ | | iteration | <== ( application data ) ==> | adaptation | | +- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+ | | post-processing | | | +-----------------+ +-----------------+ An OPES processor may preprocess (or postprocess) proxied application messages before (or after) they are adapted at callout servers. For example, a processor may take an HTTP response being proxied and pass it as-is, along with metadata about the corresponding HTTP connection. Another processor may take an HTTP response, extract its body, and pass that body along with the content-encoding metadata. Moreover, to perform adaptation, the OPES processor may execute several callout services, iterating over several callout servers. Such preprocessing, postprocessing, and iterations make it impossible to rely on any specific relationship between application messages being proxied and application messages being sent to a callout service. Similarly, specific adaptation actions at the callout server are outside OCP Core scope. This specification does not define or require any specific relationship among application messages being proxied by an OPES processor and application messages being exchanged between an OPES processor and a callout server via OCP. The OPES processor usually provides some mapping among these application messages, but the processor's specific actions are beyond OCP scope. In other words, this specification is not concerned with the OPES processor role as
an application proxy or as an iterator of callout services. The scope of OCP Core is communication between a single OPES processor and a single callout server. Furthermore, an OPES processor may choose which proxied application messages or information about them to send over OCP. All proxied messages on all proxied connections (if connections are defined for a given application protocol), everything on some connections, selected proxied messages, or nothing might be sent over OCP to callout servers. OPES processor and callout server state related to proxied protocols can be relayed over OCP as application message metadata.1.2. OPES Document Map
This document belongs to a large set of OPES specifications produced by the IETF OPES Working Group. Familiarity with the overall OPES approach and typical scenarios is often essential when one tries to comprehend isolated OPES documents. This section provides an index of OPES documents to assist the reader with finding "missing" information. o "OPES Use Cases and Deployment Scenarios" [RFC3752] describes a set of services and applications that are considered in scope for OPES and that have been used as a motivation and guidance in designing the OPES architecture. o The OPES architecture and common terminology are described in "An Architecture for Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES)" [RFC3835]. o "Policy, Authorization, and Enforcement Requirements of OPES" [RFC3838] outlines requirements and assumptions on the policy framework, without specifying concrete authorization and enforcement methods. o "Security Threats and Risks for OPES" [RFC3837] provides OPES risk analysis, without recommending specific solutions. o "OPES Treatment of IAB Considerations" [RFC3914] addresses all architecture-level considerations expressed by the IETF Internet Architecture Board (IAB) when the OPES WG was chartered. o At the core of the OPES architecture are the OPES processor and the callout server, two network elements that communicate with each other via an OPES Callout Protocol (OCP). The requirements for this protocol are discussed in "Requirements for OPES Callout Protocols" [RFC3836].
o This document specifies an application agnostic protocol core to
be used for the communication between an OPES processor and a
callout server.
o "OPES Entities and End Points Communications" [RFC3897] specifies
generic tracing and bypass mechanisms for OPES.
o The OCP Core and communications documents are independent from the
application protocol being adapted by OPES entities. Their
generic mechanisms have to be complemented by application-specific
profiles. "HTTP Adaptation with OPES" [OPES-HTTP] is such an
application profile for HTTP. It specifies how
application-agnostic OPES mechanisms are to be used and augmented
in order to support adaptation of HTTP messages.
o Finally, "P: Message Processing Language" [OPES-RULES] defines a
language for specifying what OPES adaptations (e.g., translation)
must be applied to what application messages (e.g., e-mail from
bob@example.com). P language is intended for configuring
application proxies (OPES processors).
1.3. Terminology
In this document, the keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED",
"SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY",
and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
[RFC2119]. When used with the normative meanings, these keywords
will be all uppercase. Occurrences of these words in lowercase
constitute normal prose usage, with no normative implications.
The OPES processor works with messages from application protocols and
may relay information about those application messages to a callout
server. OCP is also an application protocol. Thus, protocol
elements such as "message", "connection", or "transaction" exist in
OCP and other application protocols. In this specification, all
references to elements from application protocols other than OCP are
used with an explicit "application" qualifier. References without
the "application" qualifier refer to OCP elements.
OCP message: A basic unit of communication between an OPES processor
and a callout server. The message is a sequence of octets
formatted according to syntax rules (section 3.1). Message
semantics is defined in section 11.
application message: An entity defined by OPES processor and callout
server negotiation. Usually, the negotiated definition would
match the definition from an application protocol (e.g., [RFC2616]
definition of an HTTP message).
application message data: An opaque sequence of octets representing a
complete or partial application message. OCP Core does not
distinguish application message structures (if there are any).
Application message data may be empty.
data: Same as application message data.
original: Referring to an application message flowing from the OPES
processor to a callout server.
adapted: Referring to an application message flowing from an OPES
callout server to the OPES processor.
adaptation: Any kind of access by a callout server, including
modification, generation, and copying. For example, translating
or logging an SMTP message is adaptation of that application
message.
agent: The actor for a given communication protocol. The OPES
processor and callout server are OCP agents. An agent can be
referred to as a sender or receiver, depending on its actions in a
particular context.
immediate: Performing the specified action before reacting to new
incoming messages or sending any new messages unrelated to the
specified action.
OCP extension: A specification extending or adjusting this document
for adaptation of an application protocol (a.k.a., application
profile; e.g., [OPES-HTTP]), new OCP functionality (e.g.,
transport encryption and authentication), and/or new OCP Core
version.
2. Overall Operation
The OPES processor may use the OPES callout protocol (OCP) to
communicate with callout servers. Adaptation using callout services
is sometimes called "bump in the wire" architecture.
2.1. Initialization
The OPES processor establishes transport connections with callout
servers to exchange application messages with the callout server(s)
by using OCP. After a transport-layer connection (usually TCP/IP) is
established, communicating OCP agents exchange Connection Start (CS)
messages. Next, OCP features can be negotiated between the processor
and the callout server (see section 6). For example, OCP agents may
negotiate transport encryption and application message definition.
When enough settings are negotiated, OCP agents may start exchanging application messages. OCP Core provides negotiation and other mechanisms for agents to encrypt OCP connections and authenticate each other. OCP Core does not require OCP connection encryption or agent authentication. Application profiles and other OCP extensions may document and/or require these and other security mechanisms. OCP is expected to be used, in part, in closed environments where trust and privacy are established by means external to OCP. Implementations are expected to demand necessary security features via the OCP Core negotiation mechanism, depending on agent configuration and environment.2.2. Original Dataflow
When the OPES processor wants to adapt an application message, it sends a Transaction Start (TS) message to initiate an OCP transaction dedicated to that application message. The processor then sends an Application Message Start (AMS) message to prepare the callout server for application data that will follow. Once the application message scope is established, application data can be sent to the callout server by using Data Use Mine (DUM) and related OCP message(s). All of these messages correspond to the original dataflow.2.3. Adapted Dataflow
The callout server receives data and metadata sent by the OPES processor (original dataflow). The callout server analyses metadata and adapts data as it comes in. The server usually builds its version of metadata and responds to the OPES processor with an Application Message Start (AMS) message. Adapted application message data can be sent next, using Data Use Mine (DUM) OCP message(s). The application message is then announced to be "completed" or "closed" by using an Application Message End (AME) message. The transaction may be closed by using a Transaction End (TE) message, as well. All these messages correspond to adapted data flow. +---------------+ +-------+ | OPES | == (original data flow) ==> |callout| | processor | <== (adapted data flow) === |server | +---------------+ +-------+ The OPES processor receives the adapted application message sent by the callout server. Other OPES processor actions specific to the application message received are outside scope of this specification.
2.4. Multiple Application Messages
OCP Core specifies a transactions interface dedicated to exchanging a single original application message and a single adapted application message. Some application protocols may require multiple adapted versions for a single original application message or even multiple original messages to be exchanged as a part of a single OCP transaction. For example, a single original e-mail message may need to be transformed into several e-mail messages, with one custom message for each recipient. OCP extensions MAY document mechanisms for exchanging multiple original and/or multiple adapted application messages within a single OCP transaction.2.5. Termination
Either OCP agent can terminate application message delivery, transaction, or connection by sending an appropriate OCP message. Usually, the callout server terminates adapted application message delivery and the transaction. Premature and abnormal terminations at arbitrary times are supported. The termination message includes a result description.2.6. Message Exchange Patterns
In addition to messages carrying application data, OCP agents may also exchange messages related to their configuration, state, transport connections, application connections, etc. A callout server may remove itself from the application message processing loop. A single OPES processor can communicate with many callout servers and vice versa. Though many OCP exchange patterns do not follow a classic client-server model, it is possible to think of an OPES processor as an "OCP client" and of a callout server as an "OCP server". The OPES architecture document [RFC3835] describes configuration possibilities. The following informal rules illustrate relationships between connections, transactions, OCP messages, and application messages: o An OCP agent may communicate with multiple OCP agents. This is outside the scope of this specification. o An OPES processor may have multiple concurrent OCP connections to a callout server. Communication over multiple OCP connections is outside the scope of this specification.
o A connection may carry multiple concurrent transactions. A
transaction is always associated with a single connection (i.e., a
transaction cannot span multiple concurrent connections).
o A connection may carry at most one message at a time, including
control messages and transaction-related messages. A message is
always associated with a single connection (i.e., a message cannot
span multiple concurrent connections).
o A transaction is a sequence of messages related to application of
a given set of callout services to a single application message.
A sequence of transaction messages from an OPES processor to a
callout server is called original flow. A sequence of transaction
messages from a callout server to an OPES processor is called
adapted flow. The two flows may overlap in time.
o In OCP Core, a transaction is associated with a single original
and a single adapted application message. OCP Core extensions may
extend transaction scope to more application messages.
o An application message (adapted or original) is transferred by
using a sequence of OCP messages.
2.7. Timeouts
OCP violations, resource limits, external dependencies, and other
factors may lead to states in which an OCP agent is not receiving
required messages from the other OCP agent. OCP Core defines no
messages to address such situations. In the absence of any extension
mechanism, OCP agents must implement timeouts for OCP operations. An
OCP agent MUST forcefully terminate any OCP connection, negotiation,
transaction, etc. that is not making progress. This rule covers
both dead- and livelock situations.
In their implementation, OCP agents MAY rely on transport-level or
other external timeouts if such external timeouts are guaranteed to
happen for a given OCP operation. Depending on the OCP operation, an
agent may benefit from "pinging" the other side with a Progress Query
(PQ) message before terminating an OCP transaction or connection.
The latter is especially useful for adaptations that may take a long
time at the callout server before producing any adapted data.
2.8. Environment
OCP communication is assumed usually to take place over TCP/IP connections on the Internet (though no default TCP port is assigned to OCP in this specification). This does not preclude OCP from being implemented on top of other transport protocols, or on other networks. High-level transport protocols such as BEEP [RFC3080] may be used. OCP Core requires a reliable and message-order-preserving transport. Any protocol with these properties can be used; the mapping of OCP message structures onto the transport data units of the protocol in question is outside the scope of this specification. OCP Core is application agnostic. OCP messages can carry application-specific information as a payload or as application-specific message parameters. OCP Core overhead in terms of extra traffic on the wire is about 100 - 200 octets per small application message. Pipelining, preview, data preservation, and early termination optimizations, as well as as-is encapsulation of application data, make fast exchange of application messages possible.3. Messages
As defined in section 1.3, an OCP message is a basic unit of communication between an OPES processor and a callout server. A message is a sequence of octets formatted according to syntax rules (section 3.1). Message semantics is defined in section 11. Messages are transmitted on top of OCP transport. OCP messages deal with transport, transaction management, and application data exchange between a single OPES processor and a single callout server. Some messages can be emitted only by an OPES processor; some only by a callout server; and some by both OPES processor and callout server. Some messages require responses (one could call such messages "requests"); some can only be used in response to other messages ("responses"); some may be sent without solicitation; and some may not require a response.
3.1. Message Format
An OCP message consists of a message name followed by optional parameters and a payload. The exact message syntax is defined by the following Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) [RFC2234]: message = name [SP anonym-parameters] [CRLF named-parameters CRLF] [CRLF payload CRLF] ";" CRLF anonym-parameters = value *(SP value) ; space-separated named-parameters = named-value *(CRLF named-value) ; CRLF-separated list-items = value *("," value) ; comma-separated payload = data named-value = name ":" SP value value = structure / list / atom structure = "{" [anonym-parameters] [CRLF named-parameters CRLF] "}" list = "(" [ list-items ] ")" atom = bare-value / quoted-value name = ALPHA *safe-OCTET bare-value = 1*safe-OCTET quoted-value = DQUOTE data DQUOTE data = size ":" *OCTET ; exactly size octets safe-OCTET = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_" size = dec-number ; 0-2147483647 dec-number = 1*DIGIT ; no leading zeros or signs Several normative rules accompany the above ABNF: o There is no "implied linear space" (LWS) rule. LWS rules are common to MIME-based grammars but are not used here. The whitespace syntax is restricted to what is explicitly allowed by the above ABNF. o All protocol elements are case sensitive unless it is specified otherwise. In particular, message names and parameter names are case sensitive. o Sizes are interpreted as decimal values and cannot have leading zeros. o Sizes do not exceed 2147483647.
o The size attribute in a quoted-value encoding specifies the exact
number of octets following the column (':') separator. If size
octets are not followed by a quote ('"') character, the encoding
is syntactically invalid.
o Empty quoted values are encoded as a 4-octet sequence "0:".
o Any bare value can be encoded as a quoted value. A quoted value
is interpreted after the encoding is removed. For example, number
1234 can be encoded as four octets 1234 or as eight octets
"4:1234", yielding exactly the same meaning.
o Unicode UTF-8 is the default encoding. Note that ASCII is a UTF-8
subset, and that the syntax prohibits non-ASCII characters outside
of the "data" element.
Messages violating formatting rules are, by definition, invalid. See
section 5 for rules governing processing of invalid messages.
3.2. Message Rendering
OCP message samples in this specification and its extensions may not
be typeset to depict minor syntactical details of OCP message format.
Specifically, SP and CRLF characters are not shown explicitly. No
rendering of an OCP message can be used to infer message format. The
message format definition above is the only normative source for all
implementations.
On occasion, an OCP message line exceeds text width allowed by this
specification format. A backslash ("\"), a "soft line break"
character, is used to emphasize a protocol-violating
presentation-only linebreak. Bare backslashes are prohibited by OCP
syntax. Similarly, an "\r\n" string is sometimes used to emphasize
the presence of a CRLF sequence, usually before OCP message payload.
Normally, the visible end of line corresponds to the CRLF sequence on
the wire.
The next section (section 3.3) contains specific OCP message
examples, some of which illustrate the above rendering techniques.
3.3. Message Examples
OCP syntax provides for compact representation of short control messages and required parameters while allowing for parameter extensions. Below are examples of short control messages. The required CRLF sequence at the end of each line is not shown explicitly (see section 3.2). PQ; TS 1 2; DWM 22; DWP 22 16; x-doit "5:xyzzy"; The above examples contain atomic anonymous parameter values, such as number and string constants. OCP messages sometimes use more complicated parameters such as item lists or structures with named values. As both messages below illustrate, structures and lists can be nested: NO ({"32:http://www.iana.org/assignments/opes/ocp/tls"}); NO ({"54:http://www.iana.org/assignments/opes/ocp/http/response" Optional-Parts: (request-header) },{"54:http://www.iana.org/assignments/opes/ocp/http/response" Optional-Parts: (request-header,request-body) Transfer-Encodings: (chunked) }); Optional parameters and extensions are possible with a named parameters approach, as illustrated by the following example. The DWM (section 11.17) message in the example has two anonymous parameters (the last one being an extension) and two named parameters (the last one being an extension). DWM 1 3 Size-Request: 16384 X-Need-Info: "26:twenty six octet extension"; Finally, any message may have a payload part. For example, the Data Use Mine (DUM) message below carries 8865 octets of raw data. DUM 1 13 Modp: 75 \r\n 8865:... 8865 octets of raw data ...;
3.4. Message Names
Most OCP messages defined in this specification have short names, formed by abbreviating or compressing a longer but human-friendlier message title. Short names without a central registration system (such as this specification or the IANA registry) are likely to cause conflicts. Informal protocol extensions should avoid short names. To emphasize what is already defined by message syntax, implementations cannot assume that all message names are very short.
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