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RFC 3910

The SPIRITS (Services in PSTN requesting Internet Services) Protocol

Pages: 50
Proposed Standard
Part 1 of 2 – Pages 1 to 29
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Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 1
Network Working Group                                    V. Gurbani, Ed.
Request for Comments: 3910                                A. Brusilovsky
Category: Standards Track                                    I. Faynberg
                                               Lucent Technologies, Inc.
                                                                 J. Gato
                                                         Vodafone Espana
                                                                   H. Lu
                                           Bell Labs/Lucent Technologies
                                                             M. Unmehopa
                                               Lucent Technologies, Inc.
                                                            October 2004


  The SPIRITS (Services in PSTN requesting Internet Services) Protocol

Status of this Memo

   This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
   Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
   improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
   Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
   and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004).

Abstract

This document describes the Services in PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) requesting Internet Services (SPIRITS) protocol. The purpose of the SPIRITS protocol is to support services that originate in the cellular or wireline PSTN and necessitate interactions between the PSTN and the Internet. On the PSTN side, the SPIRITS services are most often initiated from the Intelligent Network (IN) entities. Internet Call Waiting and Internet Caller-ID Delivery are examples of SPIRITS services, as are location-based services on the cellular network. The protocol defines the building blocks from which many other services can be built.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1. Conventions used in this document. . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Overview of operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1. Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3. Using XML for subscription and notification . . . . . . . . . 7 4. XML format definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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   5.   Call-related events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
        5.1.   IN-specific requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
        5.2.   Detection points and required parameters . . . . . . . 12
               5.2.1.   Originating-side DPs. . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
               5.2.2.   Terminating-side DPs. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
        5.3.   Services through dynamic DPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
               5.3.1.   Normative usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
               5.3.2.   Event package name. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
               5.3.3.   Event package parameters. . . . . . . . . . . 16
               5.3.4.   SUBSCRIBE bodies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
               5.3.5.   Subscription duration . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
               5.3.6.   NOTIFY bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
               5.3.7.   Notifier processing of SUBSCRIBE requests . . 18
               5.3.8.   Notifier generation of NOTIFY requests. . . . 18
               5.3.9.   Subscriber processing of NOTIFY requests. . . 19
               5.3.10.  Handling of forked requests . . . . . . . . . 19
               5.3.11.  Rate of notifications . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
               5.3.12.  State Agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
               5.3.13.  Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
               5.3.14.  Use of URIs to retrieve state . . . . . . . . 25
        5.4.   Services through static DPs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
               5.4.1.   Internet Call Waiting . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
               5.4.2.   Call disposition choices. . . . . . . . . . . 26
               5.4.3.   Accepting an ICW session using VoIP . . . . . 28
   6.   Non-call related events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
        6.1.   Non-call events and their required parameters. . . . . 29
        6.2.   Normative usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
        6.3.   Event package name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
        6.4.   Event package parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
        6.5.   SUBSCRIBE bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
        6.6.   Subscription duration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
        6.7.   NOTIFY bodies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
        6.8.   Notifier processing of SUBSCRIBE requests. . . . . . . 32
        6.9.   Notifier generation of NOTIFY requests . . . . . . . . 32
        6.10.  Subscriber processing of NOTIFY requests . . . . . . . 33
        6.11.  Handling of forked requests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
        6.12.  Rate of notifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
        6.13.  State Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
        6.14.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
        6.15.  Use of URIs to retrieve state. . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
   7.   IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
        7.1.   Registering event packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
        7.2.   Registering MIME type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
        7.3.   Registering URN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
        7.4.   Registering XML schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
   8.   Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
   9.   XML schema definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
   10.  Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 3
   11.  Acronyms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
   12.  References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
   13.  Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
   14.  Authors' Addresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
   15.  Full Copyright Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

1. Introduction

SPIRITS (Services in the PSTN Requesting Internet Services) is an IETF architecture and an associated protocol that enables call processing elements in the telephone network to make service requests that are then processed on Internet hosted servers. The term Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is used here to include the wireline circuit-switched network, as well as the wireless circuit- switched network. The earlier IETF work on the PSTN/Internet Interworking (PINT) resulted in the protocol (RFC 2848) in support of the services initiated in the reverse direction - from the Internet to PSTN. This document has been written in response to the SPIRITS WG chairs call for SPIRITS Protocol proposals. Among other contributions, this document is based on: o Informational "Pre-SPIRITS implementations" [10] o Informational "The SPIRITS Architecture" [1] o Informational "SPIRITS Protocol Requirements" [4]

1.1. Conventions used in this document

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119 [2].

2. Overview of operations

The purpose of the SPIRITS protocol is to enable the execution of services in the Internet based on certain events occurring in the PSTN. The term PSTN is used here to include all manner of switching; i.e. wireline circuit-switched network, as well as the wireless circuit-switched network. In general terms, an Internet host is interested in getting notifications of certain events occurring in the PSTN. When the event of interest occurs, the PSTN notifies the Internet host. The Internet host can execute appropriate services based on these notifications.
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                             +------+
                             | PSTN |
                             |Events|
                             +------+
                            /       \
                           /         \
                  +-------+           +--------+
                  |Call   |           |Non-Call|
                  |Related|           |Related |
                  +-------+           +--+-----+
                 /        \              |
                /          \             |
           +---/--+     +---\---+     +--+-----------------+
           |Static|     |Dynamic|     |Mobility Management/|
           |      |     |       |     |Registration/De-    |
           +------+     +-------+     |registration        |
                                      +--------------------+

                     Figure 1: The SPIRITS Hierarchy.

   Figure 1 contains the SPIRITS events hierarchy, including their
   subdivision in two discrete classes for service execution: events
   related to the setup, teardown and maintenance of a call and events
   un-related to call setup, teardown or maintenance.  Example of the
   latter class of events are geo-location mobility events that are
   tracked by the cellular PSTN.  SPIRITS will specify the framework to
   provide services for both of these types of events.

   Call-related events, its further subdivisions, and how they enable
   services in the Internet is contained in Section 5.  Services enabled
   from events not related to call setup, teardown, or maintenance are
   covered in detail in Section 6.

   For reference, the SPIRITS architecture from [1] is reproduced below.
   This document is focused on interfaces B and C only.  Interface D is
   a matter of local policy; the PSTN operator may have a functional
   interface between the SPIRITS client or a message passing interface.
   This document does not discuss interface D in any detail.
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             +--------------+
             | Subscriber's |
             |   IP Host    |              +--------------+
             |              |              |              |
             | +----------+ |              | +----------+ |
             | | PINT     | |      A       | | PINT     | |
             | |  Client  +<-------/-------->+  Gateway +<-----+
             | +----------+ |              | +----------+ |    |
             |              |              |              |    |
             | +----------+ |              | +----------+ |    |
             | | SPIRITS  | |      B       | | SPIRITS  | |    |
             | |  Server  +<-------/-------->+  Gateway | |    |
             | +----------+ |              | +--------+-+ |    |
             |              |              |          ^   |    |
             +--------------+              +----------|---+    |
                                                      |        |
                                      IP Network      |        |
            ------------------------------------------|--------|---
                                      PSTN            / C      / E
                                                      |        |
                                                      v        |
                                                 +----+------+ |
                                                 | SPIRITS   | |
                                                 |   Client  | v
               +-------------------+         +---+-----D-----+-++
               | Service Switching |INAP/SS7 | Service Control  |
               |    Function       +---------+     Function     |
               +----+--------------+         +------------------+
                    |
                    |line
                   +-+
                   [0] Subscriber's telephone

                    Figure 2: The SPIRITS Architecture.

     (Note: The interfaces A-E are described in detail in the SPIRITS
                        Architecture document [1].)

   The PSTN today supports service models such as the Intelligent
   Network (IN), whereby some features are executed locally on switching
   elements called Service Switching Points (SSPs).  Other features are
   executed on service elements called Service Control Points (SCPs).
   The SPIRITS architecture [1] permits these SCP elements to act as
   intelligent entities to leverage and use Internet hosts and
   capabilities to further enhance the telephone end-user's experience.
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   The protocol used on interfaces B and C consists of the SPIRITS
   protocol, and is based on SIP and SIP event notification [3].  The
   requirements of a SPIRITS protocol and the choice of using SIP as an
   enabler are detailed in [4].

   The SPIRITS protocol is a set of two "event packages" [3].  It
   contains the procedural rules and semantic context that must be
   applied to these rules for processing SIP transactions.  The SPIRITS
   protocol has to carry subscriptions for events from the SPIRITS
   server to the SPIRITS client and notifications of these events from
   the SPIRITS client to the SPIRITS server.  Extensible Markup Language
   (XML) [12] is used to codify the subscriptions and notifications.

   Finally, in the context of ensuing discussion, the terms "SPIRITS
   server" and "SPIRITS client" are somewhat confusing since the roles
   appear reversed; to wit, the "SPIRITS server" issues a subscription
   which is accepted by a "SPIRITS client".  To mitigate such ambiguity,
   from now on, we will refer to the "SPIRITS server" as a "SPIRITS
   subscriber" and to the "SPIRITS client" as a "SPIRITS notifier".
   This convention adheres to the nomenclature outlined in [3]; the
   SPIRITS server in Figure 2 is a subscriber (issues subscriptions to
   events), and the SPIRITS client in Figure 2 is a notifier (issues
   notifications whenever the event of interest occurs).

2.1. Terminology

For ease of reference, we provide a terminology of the SPIRITS actors discussed in the preceding above: Service Control Function (SCF): A PSTN entity that executes service logic. It provides capabilities to influence the call processing occurring in the Service Switching Function (SSF). For more information on how a SCF participates in the SPIRITS architecture, please see Sections 5 and 5.1. SPIRITS client: see SPIRITS notifier. SPIRITS server: see SPIRITS subscriber. SPIRITS notifier: A User Agent (UA) in the PSTN that accepts subscriptions from SPIRITS subscribers. These subscriptions contain events that the SPIRITS subscribers are interested in receiving a notification for. The SPIRITS notifier interfaces with the Service Control Function such that when the said event occurs, a notification will be sent to the relevant SPIRITS subscriber.
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   SPIRITS subscriber: A UA in the Internet that issues a subscription
   containing events in the PSTN that it is interested in receiving a
   notification for.

3. Using XML for subscription and notification

The SPIRITS protocol requirements mandate that "SPIRITS-related parameters be carried in a manner consistent with SIP practices" (RFC3298:Section 3). SIP already provides payload description capabilities through the use of headers (Content-Type, Content- Length). This document defines a new MIME type -- "application/spirits-event+xml" -- and registers it with IANA (Section 7). This MIME type MUST be present in the "Content-Type" header of SPIRITS requests and responses, and it describes an XML document that contains SPIRITS-related information. This document defines a base XML schema for subscriptions to PSTN events. The list of events that can be subscribed to is defined in the SPIRITS protocol requirements document [4] and this document provides an XML schema for it. All SPIRITS subscribers (any SPIRITS entity capable of issuing a SUBSCRIBE, REGISTER, or INVITE request) MUST support this schema. All SPIRITS notifiers (any SPIRITS entity capable of receiving and processing a SUBSCRIBE, REGISTER, or INVITE request) MUST support this schema. The schema is defined in Section 9. The support for the SIP REGISTER request is included for PINT compatibility (RFC3298:Section 6). The support for the SIP INVITE request is mandated because pre- existing SPIRITS implementations did not use the SIP event notification scheme. Instead, the initial PSTN detection point always arrived via the SIP INVITE request. This document also defines a base XML schema for notifications of events (Section 9). All SPIRITS notifiers MUST generate XML documents that correspond to the base notification schema. All SPIRITS subscribers MUST support XML documents that correspond to this schema. The set of events that can be subscribed to and the amount of notification that is returned by the PSTN entity may vary among different PSTN operators. Some PSTN operators may have a rich set of events that can be subscribed to, while others have only the primitive set of events outlined in the SPIRITS protocol requirements document [4]. This document defines a base XML schema (in Section 9) which MUST be used for the subscription and notification of the primitive set of events. In order to support a richer set of event
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 8
   subscription and notification, implementations MAY use additional XML
   namespaces corresponding to alternate schemas in a SPIRITS XML
   document.  However, all implementations MUST support the base XML
   schema defined in Section 9 of this document.  Use of the base schema
   ensures interoperability across implementations, and the inclusion of
   additional XML namespaces allows for customization.

   A logical flow of the SPIRITS protocol is depicted below (note: this
   example shows a temporal flow; XML documents and related SPIRITS
   protocol syntax is specified in later sections of this document).  In
   the flow below, S is the SPIRITS subscriber and N is the SPIRITS
   notifier.  The SPIRIT Gateway is presumed to have a pure proxying
   functionality and thus is omitted for simplicity:


   1  S->N Subscribe (events of interest in an XML document instance
                      using base subscription schema)
   2  N->S 200 OK (Subscribe)
   3  N->S Notify
   4  S->N 200 OK (Notify communicating current resource state)
   5  ...
   6  N->S Notify (Notify communicating change in resource state;
                   payload is an XML document instance using
                   XML extensions to the base notification schema)
   7  S->N 200 OK (Notify)

   In line 1, the SPIRITS subscriber subscribes to certain events using
   an XML document based on the base schema defined in this document.
   In line 6, the SPIRITS notifier notifies the SPIRITS subscriber of
   the occurrence of the event using extensions to the base notification
   schema.  Note that this document defines a base schema for event
   notification as well; the SPIRITS notifier could have availed itself
   of these.  Instead, it chooses to pass to the SPIRITS subscriber an
   XML document composed of extensions to the base notification schema.
   The SPIRITS subscriber, if it understands the extensions, can
   interpret the XML document accordingly.  However, in the event that
   the SPIRITS subscriber is not programmed to understand the
   extensions, it MUST search the XML document for the mandatory
   elements.  These elements MUST be present in all notification schemas
   and are detailed in Section 9.

4. XML format definition

This section defines the XML-encoded SPIRITS payload format. Such a payload is a well formed XML document and is produced by SPIRITS notifiers and SPIRITS subscribers.
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   The namespace URI for elements defined in this document is a Uniform
   Resource Name (URN) [14], using the namespace identifier 'ietf'
   defined in [15] and extended by [16]:

      urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:spirits-1.0

   SPIRITS XML documents may have a default namespace, or they may be
   associated with a namespace prefix following the convention
   established in XML namespaces [17].  Regardless, the elements and
   attributes of SPIRITS XML documents MUST conform to the SPIRITS XML
   schema specified in Section 9.

   The <spirits-event> element
      The root of a SPIRITS XML document (characterized by a Content-
      Type header of "application/spirits-event+xml">) is the <spirits-
      event> element.  This element MUST contain a namespace declaration
      ('xmlns') to indicate the namespace on which the XML document is
      based.  XML documents compliant to the SPIRITS protocol MUST
      contain the URN "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:spirits-1.0" in the
      namespace declaration.  Other namespaces may be specified as
      needed.

      <spirits-event> element MUST contain at least one <Event> element,
      and MAY contain more than one.

   The <Event> element
      The <Event> element contains three attributes, two of which are
      mandatory.  The first mandatory attribute is a 'type' attribute
      whose value is either "INDPs" or "userprof".

      These types correspond, respectively, to call-related events
      described in Section 5 and non-call related events described in
      Section 6.

      The second mandatory attribute is a 'name' attribute.  Values for
      this attribute MUST be limited to the SPIRITS mnemonics defined in
      Section 5.2.1, Section 5.2.2, and Section 6.1.

      The third attribute, which is optional, is a 'mode' attribute.
      The value of 'mode' is either "N" or "R", corresponding
      respectively to (N)otification or (R)equest (RFC3298:Section 4).
      The default value of this attribute is "N".

      If the 'type' attribute of the <Event> element is "INDPs", then it
      MUST contain at least one or more of the following elements
      (unknown elements MAY be ignored):  <CallingPartyNumber>,
      <CalledPartyNumber>, <DialledDigits>, or <Cause>.  These elements
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 10
      are defined in Section 5.2; they MUST not contain any attributes
      and MUST not be used further as parent elements.  These elements
      contain a string value as described in Section 5.2.1 and 5.2.2.

      If the 'type' attribute of the <Event> element is "userprof", then
      it MUST contain a <CalledPartyNumber> element and it MAY contain a
      <Cell-ID> element.  None of these elements contain any attributes
      and neither must be used further as a parent element.  These
      elements contain a string value as described in Section 6.1.  All
      other elements MAY be ignored if not understood.

   A SPIRITS-compliant XML document using the XML namespace defined in
   this document might look like the following example:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <spirits-event xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:spirits-1.0">
      <Event type="INDPs" name="OD" mode="N">
         <CallingPartyNumber>5551212</CallingPartyNumber>
      </Event>
      <Event type="INDPs" name="OAB" mode="N">
         <CallingPartyNumber>5551212</CallingPartyNumber>
      </Event>
   </spirits-event>

5. Call-related events

For readers who may not be familiar with the service execution aspects of PSTN/IN, we provide a brief tutorial next. Interested readers are urged to consult [19] for a detailed treatment of this subject. Services in the PSTN/IN are executed based on a call model. A call model is a finite state machine used in SSPs and other call processing elements that accurately and concisely reflects the current state of a call at any given point in time. Call models consist of states called PICs (Points In Call) and transitions between states. Inter-state transitions pass through elements called Detection Points or DPs. DPs house one or more triggers. Every trigger has a firing criteria associated with it. When a trigger is armed (made active), and its associated firing criteria are satisfied, it fires. The particulars of firing criteria may vary based on the call model being supported. When a trigger fires, a message is formatted with call state information and transmitted by the SSP to the SCP. The SCP then reads this call related data and generates a response which the SSP then uses in further call processing.
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 11
   Detection Points are of two types: TDPs (or Trigger Detection
   Points), and EDPs (or Event Detection Points).  TDPs are provisioned
   with statically armed triggers (armed through Service Management
   Tools).  EDPs are dynamically armed triggers (armed by the SCP as
   call processing proceeds).  DPs may also be classified as "Request"
   or "Notification" DPs.  Thus, one can have TDP-R's, TDP-N's, EDP-R's
   and EDP-N's.

   The "-R" type of DPs require the SSP to suspend call processing when
   communication with the SCP is initiated.  Call processing resumes
   when a response is received.  The "-N" type of DPs enable the SSP to
   continue with call processing when the trigger fires, after it sends
   out the message to the SCP, notifying it that a certain event has
   occurred.

   Call models typically support different types of detection points.
   Note that while INAP and the IN Capability Set (CS)-2 [7] call model
   are used in this document as examples, and for ease of explanation,
   other call models possess similar properties.  For example, the
   Wireless Intelligent Network (WIN) call model also supports the
   dynamic arming of triggers.  Thus, the essence of this discussion
   applies not just to the wireline domain, but applies equally well to
   the wireless domain as well.

   When the SCP receives the INAP formatted message from the SSP, if the
   SCP supports the SPIRITS architecture, it can encode the INAP message
   contents into a SPIRITS protocol message which is then transmitted to
   SPIRITS-capable elements in the IP network.  Similarly, when it
   receives responses back from said SPIRITS capable elements, it can
   reformat the response content into the INAP format and forward these
   messages back to SSPs.  Thus the process of inter-conversion and/or
   encoding between the INAP parameters and the SPIRITS protocol is of
   primary interest.

   An SCP is a physical manifestation of the Service Control Function.
   An SSP is a physical manifestation of the Service Switching Function
   (and the Call Control Function).  To support uniformity of
   nomenclature between the various SPIRITS drafts, we shall use the
   terms SCP and SCF, and SSP and SSF interchangeably in this document.

5.1. IN-specific requirements

Section 4 of [4] outlines the IN-related requirements on the SPIRITS protocol. The SUBSCRIBE request arriving at the SPIRITS notifier MUST contain the events to be monitored (in the form of a DP list), the mode (request or a notification, the difference being that for a
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 12
   request, the SPIRITS subscriber can influence subsequent call
   processing and for a notification, no further influence is needed),
   and any DP-related parameters.

   Section 4 of [4] also enumerates a list of Capability Set 3 (CS-3)
   DPs for SPIRITS services.  It is a requirement (RFC3298:Section 4)
   that the SPIRITS protocol specify the relevant parameters of the DPs.
   These DPs and their relevant parameters to be carried in a SUBSCRIBE
   request are codified in an XML schema.  All SPIRITS subscribers MUST
   understand this schema for subscribing to the DPs in the PSTN.  The
   schema is defined in Section 9.

   When a DP fires, a notification -- using a SIP NOTIFY request -- is
   transmitted from the SPIRITS notifier to the SPIRITS subscriber.  The
   NOTIFY request contains an XML document which describes the DP that
   fired and any relevant parameters.  The DPs and their relevant
   parameters to be carried in a NOTIFY request are codified in an XML
   schema.  All SPIRITS notifiers MUST understand this schema; this
   schema MAY be extended.  The schema is defined in Section 9.

   In addition, Appendices A and B of [6] contain a select subset of
   CS-2 DPs that may be of interest to the reader.  However, this
   document will only refer to CS-3 DPs outlined in [4].

5.2. Detection points and required parameters

The IN CS-3 DPs envisioned for SPIRITS services (RFC3298:Section 4) are described next. IN DPs are characterized by many parameters, however, not all such parameters are required -- or even needed -- by SPIRITS. This section, thus, serves to list the mandatory parameters for each DP that MUST be specified in subscriptions and notifications. Implementations can specify additional parameters as XML extensions associated with a private (or public and standardized) namespace. The exhaustive list of IN CS-3 DPs and their parameters can be found in reference [13]. Each DP is given a SPIRITS-specific mnemonic for use in the subscriptions and notifications.

5.2.1. Originating-side DPs

Origination Attempt Authorized SPIRITS mnemonic: OAA Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CallingPartyNumber Mandatory parameters in NOTIFY: CallingPartyNumber, CalledPartyNumber
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   CallingPartyNumber: A string used to identify the calling party for
   the call.  The actual length and encoding of this parameter depend on
   the particulars of the dialing plan used.

   CalledPartyNumber: A string containing the number (e.g., called
   directory number) used to identify the called party.  The actual
   length and encoding of this parameter depend on the particulars of
   the dialing plan used.

   Collected Information
   SPIRITS mnemonic: OCI
   Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CallingPartyNumber
   Mandatory parameters in NOTIFY: CallingPartyNumber, DialledDigits

   DialledDigits: This parameter contains non-translated address
   information collected/received from the originating user/line/trunk

   Analyzed Information
   SPIRITS mnemonic: OAI
   Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CallingPartyNumber
   Mandatory parameters in NOTIFY: CallingPartyNumber, DialledDigits

   Origination Answer
   SPIRITS mnemonic: OA
   Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CallingPartyNumber
   Mandatory parameters in NOTIFY: CallingPartyNumber, CalledPartyNumber

   Origination Term Seized
   SPIRITS mnemonic: OTS
   Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CallingPartyNumber
   Mandatory parameter in NOTIFY: CallingPartyNumber, CalledPartyNumber

   Origination No Answer
   SPIRITS mnemonic: ONA
   Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CallingPartyNumber
   Mandatory parameter in NOTIFY: CallingPartyNumber, CalledPartyNumber

   Origination Called Party Busy
   SPIRITS mnemonic: OCPB
   Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CallingPartyNumber
   Mandatory parameters in NOTIFY: CallingPartyNumber, CalledPartyNumber

   Route Select Failure
   SPIRITS mnemonic: ORSF
   Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CallingPartyNumber
   Mandatory parameter in NOTIFY: CallingPartyNumber, CalledPartyNumber
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 14
   Origination Mid Call
   SPIRITS mnemonic: OMC
   Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CallingPartyNumber
   Mandatory parameter in NOTIFY: CallingPartyNumber

   Origination Abandon
   SPIRITS mnemonic: OAB

   Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CallingPartyNumber
   Mandatory parameter in NOTIFY: CallingPartyNumber

   Origination Disconnect
   SPIRITS mnemonic: OD
   Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CallingPartyNumber
   Mandatory parameter in NOTIFY: CallingPartyNumber, CalledPartyNumber

5.2.2. Terminating-side DPs

Termination Answer SPIRITS mnemonic: TA Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CalledPartyNumber Mandatory parameters in NOTIFY: CallingPartyNumber, CalledPartyNumber Termination No Answer SPIRITS mnemonic: TNA Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CalledPartyNumber Mandatory parameters in NOTIFY: CallingPartyNumber, CalledPartyNumber Termination Mid-Call SPIRITS mnemonic: TMC Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CalledPartyNumber Mandatory parameter in NOTIFY: CalledPartyNumber Termination Abandon SPIRITS mnemonic: TAB Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CalledPartyNumber Mandatory parameter in NOTIFY: CalledPartyNumber Termination Disconnect SPIRITS mnemonic: TD Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CalledPartyNumber Mandatory parameters in NOTIFY: CalledPartyNumber, CallingPartyNumber Termination Attempt Authorized SPIRITS mnemonic: TAA Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CalledPartyNumber Mandatory parameters in NOTIFY: CalledPartyNumber, CallingPartyNumber
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 15
   Termination Facility Selected and Available
   SPIRITS mnemonic: TFSA
   Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CalledPartyNumber
   Mandatory parameter in NOTIFY: CalledPartyNumber

   Termination Busy
   SPIRITS mnemonic: TB
   Mandatory parameter in SUBSCRIBE: CalledPartyNumber
   Mandatory parameters in NOTIFY: CalledPartyNumber,
   CallingPartyNumber, Cause

   Cause: This parameter contains a string value of either "Busy" or
   "Unreachable".  The difference between these is translated as a
   requirement (RFC3298:Section 5) to aid in the SPIRITS subscriber in
   determining if the called party is indeed busy (engaged), or if the
   called party is unavailable (as it would be if it were on the
   cellular PSTN and the mobile subscriber was not registered with the
   network).

5.3. Services through dynamic DPs

Triggers in the PSTN can be armed dynamically, often outside the context of a call. The SIP event notification mechanism [3] is, therefore, a convenient means to exploit in those cases where triggers housed in EDPs fire (see section 3 of [4]). Note that [4] uses the term "persistent" to refer to call-related DP arming and associated interactions. The SIP Events Package enables IP endpoints (or hosts) to subscribe to and receive subsequent notification of events occurring in the PSTN. With reference to Figure 2, this includes communication on the interfaces marked "B" and "C".

5.3.1. Normative usage

A subscriber will issue a SUBSCRIBE request which identifies a set of events (DPs) it is interested in getting the notification of. This set MUST contain at least one DP, it MAY contain more than one. The SUBSCRIBE request is routed to the notifier, where it is accepted, pending a successful authentication. When any of the DPs identified in the set of events fires, the notifier will format a NOTIFY request and direct it towards the subscriber. The NOTIFY request will contain information pertinent to the event that was triggered. The un-encountered DPs MUST be subsequently dis-armed by the SPIRITS notifier and/or the SCF.
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 16
   The dialog established by the SUBSCRIBE terminates when the event of
   interest occurs and this notification is passed to the subscriber
   through a NOTIFY request.  If the subscriber is interested in the
   future occurrence of the same event, it MUST issue a new SUBSCRIBE
   request, establishing a new dialog.

   When the subscriber receives a NOTIFY request, it can subsequently
   choose to act in a manner appropriate to the notification.

   The remaining sections fill in the specific package responsibilities
   raised in RFC3265 [3], Section 4.4.

5.3.2. Event package name

This document defines two event packages; the first of these is defined in this section and is called "spirits-INDPs". This package MUST be used for events corresponding to IN detection points in the cellular or wireline PSTN. All entities that implement the SPIRITS protocol and support IN detection points MUST set the "Event" request header [3] to "spirits-INDPs." The "Allow-Events" general header [3] MUST include the token "spirits-INDPs" if the entity implements the SPIRITS protocol and supports IN detection points. Event: spirits-INDPs Allow-Events: spirits-INDPs The second event package is defined and discussed in Section 6.

5.3.3. Event package parameters

The "spirits-INDPs" event package does not support any additional parameters to the Event header.

5.3.4. SUBSCRIBE bodies

SUBSCRIBE requests that serve to terminate the subscription MAY contain an empty body; however, SUBSCRIBE requests that establish a dialog MUST contain a body which encodes three pieces of information: (1) The set of events (DPs) that is being subscribed to. A subscriber MAY subscribe to multiple DPs in one SUBSCRIBE request, or MAY issue a different SUBSCRIBE request for each DP it is interested in receiving a notification for. The protocol allows for both forms of representation, however, it recommends the former manner of subscribing to DPs if the service depends on any of the DPs being triggered.
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 17
      (2) Because of the requirement [4] that IN be informed whether the
      detection point is set as the request or notification, all events
      in the "spirits-INDPs" package (but not in the "spirits-user-prof"
      package) are required to provide a "mode" parameter, whose values
      are "R" (for Request) and "N" for notification.

      (3) A list of the values of the parameters associated with the
      event detection point (Note: the term "event" here refers to the
      IN usage -- a dynamically armed DP is called an Event Detection
      Point).  Please see Section 5.2.1 and Section 5.2.2 for a list of
      parameters associated with each DP.

   The default body type for SUBSCRIBEs in SPIRITS is denoted by the
   MIME type "application/spirits-event+xml".  The "Accept" header, if
   present, MUST include this MIME type.

5.3.5. Subscription duration

For package "spirits-INDPs", the purpose of the SUBSCRIBE request is to arm the DP, since as far as IN is concerned, being armed is the first essential pre-requisite. A DP maybe armed either statically (for instance, through service provisioning), or dynamically (by the SCF). A statically armed DP remains armed until it is disarmed proactively. A dynamically armed DP remains armed for the duration of a call (or more appropriately, no longer than the duration of a particular SSF-SCF relationship). Dynamically armed DPs are automatically disarmed when the event of interest occurs in the notifier. It is up to the subscriber to re- arm the DPs within the context of a call, if it so desires. Statically armed DPs are considered outside the scope of the SPIRITS protocol requirements [4] and thus will not be considered any further.

5.3.6. NOTIFY bodies

Bodies in NOTIFY requests for the "spirits-INDPs" package are optional. If present, they MUST be of the MIME type "application/spirits-event+xml". The body in a NOTIFY request encapsulates the following pieces of information which can be used by the subscriber: (1) The event that resulted in the NOTIFY being generated (typically, but not always, this will be the same event present in the corresponding SUBSCRIBE request).
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 18
      (2) The "mode" parameter; it is simply reflected back from the
      corresponding SUBSCRIBE request.

      (3) A list of values of the parameters associated with the event
      that the NOTIFY is being generated for.  Depending on the actual
      event, the list of the parameters will vary.

   If the subscriber armed multiple DPs as part of a single SUBSCRIBE
   request, all the un-encountered DPs that were part of the same
   SUBSCRIBE dialog MUST be dis-armed by the SPIRITS notifier and/or the
   SCF/SCP.

5.3.7. Notifier processing of SUBSCRIBE requests

When the notifier receives a SUBSCRIBE request, it MUST authenticate the request and ensure that the subscriber is authorized to access the resource being subscribed to, in this case, PSTN/IN events on a certain PSTN line. Once the SUBSCRIBE request has been authenticated and authorized, the notifier interfaces with the SCF over interface D to arm the detection points corresponding to the PSTN line contained in the SUBSCRIBE body. The particulars about interface D is out of scope for this document; here we will simply assume that the notifier can affect the arming (and disarming) of triggers in the PSTN through interface D.

5.3.8. Notifier generation of NOTIFY requests

If the notifier expects the arming of triggers to take more than 200 ms, it MUST send a 202 response to the SUBSCRIBE request immediately, accepting the subscription. It should then send a NOTIFY request with an empty body. This NOTIFY request MUST have a "Subscription- State" header with a value of "pending". This immediate NOTIFY with an empty body is needed since the resource identified in the SUBSCRIBE request does not have as yet a meaningful state. Once the notifier has successfully interfaced with the SCF, it MUST send a subsequent NOTIFY request with an empty body and a "Subscription-State" header with a value of "active." When the event of interest identified in the SUBSCRIBE request occurs, the notifier sends out a new NOTIFY request which MUST contain a body (see Section 5.3.6). The NOTIFY request MUST have a "Subscription-State" header and its value MUST be set to "terminated" with a reason parameter of "fired".
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 19

5.3.9. Subscriber processing of NOTIFY requests

The exact steps executed at the subscriber when it gets a NOTIFY request will depend on the service being implemented. As a generality, the UA associated with the subscriber should somehow impart this information to the user by visual or auditory means, if at all possible. If the NOTIFY request contained a "Subscription-State" header with a value of "terminated" and a reason parameter of "fired", the UA associated with the subscriber MAY initiate a new subscription for the event that was just reported through the NOTIFY request. Whether or not to initiate a new subscription when an existing one expires is up to the context of the service that is being implemented. For instance, a user may configure her UA to always re-subscribe to the same event when it fires, but this is not necessarily the normative case.

5.3.10. Handling of forked requests

Forking of SUBSCRIBE requests is prohibited. Since the SUBSCRIBE request is targeted towards the PSTN, highly irregular behaviors occur if the request is allowed to fork. The normal SIP DNS lookup and routing rules [11] should result in a target set with exactly one element: the notifier.

5.3.11. Rate of notifications

For reasons of security more than network traffic, it is RECOMMENDED that the notifier issue two or, at most three NOTIFY requests for a subscription. If the subscription was accepted with a 202 response, a NOTIFY will be sent immediately towards the subscriber. This NOTIFY serves to inform the subscriber that the request has been accepted and is being acted on. Once the resource (detection points) identified in the SUBSCRIBE request have been initialized, the notifier MUST send a second NOTIFY request. This request contains the base state of the resource. When an event of interest occurs which leads to the firing of the trigger associated with the detection points identified in the SUBSCRIBE request, a final NOTIFY is sent to the subscriber. This NOTIFY request contains more information about the event of interest.
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 20
   If the subscription was accepted with a 200 response, the notifier
   simply sends two NOTIFY requests: one containing the base state of
   the resource, and the other containing information that lead to the
   firing of the detection point.

5.3.12. State agents

State agents are not used in SPIRITS.

5.3.13. Examples

This section contains example call flows for a SPIRITS service called Internet Caller-ID Delivery (ICID). One of the benchmark SPIRITS service, as described in section 2.2 of [1] is Internet Caller-ID delivery: This service allows the subscriber to see the caller's number or name or both while being connected to the Internet. If the subscriber has only one telephone line and is using the very line for the Internet connection, the service is a subset of the ICW service and follows the relevant description in Section 2.1. Otherwise, the subscriber's IP host serves as an auxiliary device of the telephone to which the call is first sent. We present an example of a SPIRITS call flow to realize this service. Note that this is an example only, not a normative description of the Internet Caller-ID service. Further text and details of SIP messages below refer to the call flow provided in Figure 3. Figure 3 depicts the 4 entities that are an integral part of any SPIRITS service (the headings of the entities refer to the names established in Figure 1 in [1]) -- the SPIRITS subscriber, the SPIRITS notifier and the SCF. Note that the SPIRITS gateway is not included in this figure; logically, SPIRITS messages flow between the SPIRITS server and the SPIRITS client. A gateway, if present, may act as a proxy.
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 21
      SPIRITS server       SPIRITS client      SCF
      ("subscriber")        ("notifier")
         S                      N
         |                      |                |
         | F1 SUBSCRIBE         |                |
         +--------------------->+                |
         |                      |                |
         |                      | F2 Arm DP      |
         |     F3 200 OK (SUBS) +--------------->|
         |<---------------------|                |
         |                      |                |
         |            F4 NOTIFY |                |
         |<---------------------+                |
         |                      |                |
         |      F5 200 OK (NOT) |                |
         +--------------------->|                |
         |                      |                |
         ~                      ~                ~
         ~                      ~                ~
         |                      |  F6 Evt. Not.  |
         |                      |<---------------+
         |            F7 NOTIFY +                |
         |<---------------------|                |
         |                      |                |
         |      F8 200 OK (NOT) |                |
         +--------------------->|                |
         |                      |                |
         |                      |                |
        \|/                    \|/              \|/
         v                      v                v

                        Figure 3: Sample call flow

   This call flow depicts an overall operation of a "subscriber"
   successfully subscribing to the IN Termination_Attempt_Authorized DP
   (the "subscriber" is assumed to be a user, possibly at work, who is
   interested in knowing when he/she gets a phone call to his/her home
   phone number) -- this interaction is captured in messages F1 through
   F8 in Figure 3.  The user sends (F1) a SIP SUBSCRIBE request
   identifying the DP it is interested in along with zero or more
   parameters relevant to that DP (in this example, the
   Termination_Attempt_DP will be employed).  The SPIRITS notifier in
   turns interacts with the SCF to arm the Termination_Attempt_DP for
   the service (F2).  An immediate NOTIFY with the current state
   information is send to the subscriber (F4, F5).
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 22
   At some point  after the above sequence of events has transpired, the
   PSTN gets a call to the users phone.  The SSF informs the SCF of this
   event when it encounters an armed Termination_Attempt_DP (not shown
   in Figure 3).  The SCF informs the SPIRITS notifier of this event
   (F6).

   When the SPIRITS notifier receives this event, it forms a SIP NOTIFY
   request and directs it to the SPIRITS subscriber (F7).  This NOTIFY
   will contain all the information elements necessary to identify the
   caller to the subscriber.  The subscriber, upon receiving the
   notification (F8) may pop open a window with the date/time and the
   number of the caller.

   The rest of this section contains the details of the SIP messages in
   Figure 3.  The call flow details below assume that the SPIRITS
   gateway is, for the purpose of this example, a SIP proxy that serves
   as the default outbound proxy for the notifier and an ingress host of
   the myprovider.com domain for the subscriber.  The subscriber and
   notifier may be in separate administrative domains.

   F1: S->N

   SUBSCRIBE sip:myprovider.com SIP/2.0
   From: <sip:vkg@example.com>;tag=8177-afd-991
   To: <sip:16302240216@myprovider.com>
   CSeq: 18992 SUBSCRIBE
   Call-ID: 3329as77@host.example.com
   Contact: <sip:vkg@host.example.com>
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP host.example.com;branch=z9hG4bK776asdhds
   Expires: 3600
   Event: spirits-INDPs
   Allow-Events: spirits-INDPs, spirits-user-prof
   Accept: application/spirits-event+xml
   Content-Type: application/spirits-event+xml
   Content-Length: ...

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <spirits-event xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:spirits-1.0">
      <Event type="INDPs" name="TAA" mode="N">
            <CalledPartyNumber>6302240216</CalledPartyNumber>
      </Event>
   </spirits-event>

   The subscriber forms a SIP SUBSCRIBE request which identifies the DP
   that it wants to subscribe to (in this case, the TAA DP) and the
   actual line it wants that DP armed for (in this case, the line
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 23
   associated with the phone number 6302240216).  This request
   eventually arrives at the SIPRITS notifier, N, which authenticates it
   (not shown) and sends a successful response to the subscriber:

   F3: N->S

   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   From: <sip:vkg@example.com>;tag=8177-afd-991
   To: <sip:16302240216@myprovider.com>;tag=SPIRITS-TAA-6302240216
   CSeq: 18992 SUBSCRIBE
   Call-ID: 3329as77@host.example.com
   Contact: <sip:notifier.myprovider.com>
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP host.example.com;branch=z9hG4bK776asdhds
   Expires: 3600
   Accept: application/spirits-event+xml
   Content-Length: 0

   The notifier interacts with the SCF to arm the DP and also sends an
   immediate NOTIFY towards the subscriber informing the subscriber of
   the current state of the notification:

   F4: N->S

   NOTIFY sip:vkg@host.example.com SIP/2.0
   From: <sip:16302240216@myprovider.com>;tag=SPIRITS-TAA-6302240216
   To: <sip:vkg@example.com>;tag=8177-afd-991
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP gateway.myprovider.com;branch=z9hG4bK-9$0-1
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP notifier.myprovider.com;branch=z9hG4bKqo--9
   Call-ID: 3329as77@host.example.com
   Contact: <sip:notifier.myprovider.com>
   Subscription-State: active
   CSeq: 3299 NOTIFY
   Accept: application/spirits-event+xml
   Content-Length: 0

   F5: S->N

   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   From: <sip:16302240216@myprovider.com>;tag=SPIRITS-TAA-6302240216
   To: <sip:vkg@example.com>;tag=8177-afd-991
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP gateway.myprovider.com;branch=z9hG4bK-9$0-1
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP notifier.myprovider.com;branch=z9hG4bKqo--9
   Call-ID: 3329as77@host.example.com
   Contact: <sip:vkg@host.example.com>
   CSeq: 3299 NOTIFY
   Accept: application/spirits-event+xml
   Content-Length: 0
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 24
   At some later point in time (before the subscription established in
   F1 expires at the notifier), a call arrives at the number identified
   in XML-encoded body of F1 -- 6302240216.  The SCF notifies the
   notifier (F6).  Included in this notification is the relevant
   information from the PSTN, namely, the phone number of the party
   attempting to call 6302240216.  The notifier uses this information to
   create a SIP NOTIFY request and sends it to the subscriber.  The SIP
   NOTIFY request has a XML-encoded body with the relevant information
   from the PSTN:

   F7: N->S

   NOTIFY sip:vkg@host.example.com SIP/2.0
   From: <sip:16302240216@myprovider.com>;tag=SPIRITS-TAA-6302240216
   To: <sip:vkg@example.com>;tag=8177-afd-991
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP notifier.myprovider.com;branch=z9hG4bK9inn-=u7
   Call-ID: 3329as77@host.example.com
   Contact: <sip:notifier.myprovider.com>
   CSeq: 3300 NOTIFY
   Subscription-State: terminated;reason=fired
   Accept: application/spirits-event+xml
   Event: spirits-INDPs
   Allow-Events: spirits-INDPs, spirits-user-prof
   Content-Type: application/spirits-event+xml
   Content-Length: ...

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <spirits-event xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:spirits-1.0">
      <Event type="INDPs" name="TAA" mode="N">
            <CalledPartyNumber>6302240216</CalledPartyNumber>
            <CallingPartyNumber>3125551212</CallingPartyNumber>
      </Event>
   </spirits-event>

   There are two important issues to note in the call flows for F7:

      (1) The body of the NOTIFY request contains the information passed
          to the SPIRITS notifier from the SCF.  In this particular
          example, this is the phone number of the party (3125551212)
          that attempted to call 6302240216.

      (2) Since the notification occurred, the subscription established
          in F1 terminated (as evident by the Subscription-State
          header).  The subscription terminated normally due to the DP
          associated with TAA firing (hence the reason code of "fired"
          in the Subscription-State header).  If the subscriber
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 25
          wants to get notified of another attempt to call the number
          6302240216, he/she should send a new SUBSCRIBE request to the
          notifier.

   The subscriber can take any appropriate action upon the receipt of
   the NOTIFY in F7.  A reasonable implementation may pop up a window
   populated with the information contained in the body of F12, along
   with a button asking the subscriber if they would like to re-
   subscribe to the same event.  Alternatively, a re-subscription could
   be generated automatically by the subscriber's UA based on his/her
   preferences.

   To complete the protocol, the subscriber also sends a 200 OK message
   towards the notifier:

   F8: S->N

   200 OK SIP/2.0
   From: <sip:16302240216@myprovider.com>;tag=SPIRITS-TAA-6302240216
   To: <sip:vkg@example.com>;tag=8177-afd-991
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP notifier.myprovider.com;z9hG4bK9inn-=u7
   Call-ID: 3329as77@host.example.com
   CSeq: 3300 NOTIFY
   Content-Length: 0

5.3.14. Use of URIs to retrieve state

The "spirits-INDPs" package MUST NOT use URIs to retrieve state. It is expected that most state information for this package is compact enough to fit in a SIP message. However, to err on the side of caution, implementations MUST follow the convention outlined in Section 18.1.1 of [5] and use a congestion controlled transport if the size of the request is within 200 bytes of the path MTU if known, or if the request size is larger than 1300 bytes and the path MTU is unknown.

5.4. Services through static DPs

We mentioned in Section 5.1 that the first trigger that fires during call processing is typically a TDP since there isn't any pre-existing control relationship between the SSF and the SCF. Some Internet hosts may have expressed an interest in executing services based on TDPs (through an a-priori arrangement, which is not a part of this specification). Thus, the PSTN will notify such hosts. To do so, it will send a SIP request (typically an INVITE) towards the Internet host. The body of the SIP request MUST contain multi-part MIME with two MIME components: the first part corresponding to the normal payload, if any, of the request; and the second part will contain
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 26
   SPIRITS-specific information (e.g., the DP that fired).  Responses to
   the INVITE request, or subsequent SUBSCRIBE messages from the
   Internet host to the PSTN within a current call context may result in
   EDPs being armed.

5.4.1. Internet Call Waiting (ICW)

ICW as a benchmark SPIRITS service actually predates SPIRITS itself. Pre-SPIRITS implementations of ICW are detailed in [10]. However, as the document notes, while a diversity of implementations exists, these implementations are not interoperable. At the time [10] was published, the industry did not have the depth of experience with SIP as is the case now. The use of SIP in [10] does not constitute normative usage of SIP as described in [5]; for instance, no mention is made of the SDP (if any) in the initial INVITE (especially since this pertains to "accept the call using VoIP" case). Thus this section serves to provide a normative description of ICW in SPIRITS. The description of ICW is deceptively simple: it is a service most useful for single line phone subscribers that use the line to establish an Internet session. In a nutshell, the service enables a subscriber engaged in an Internet dial-up session to o be notified of an incoming call to the very same telephone line that is being used for the Internet connection, o specify the desirable treatment of the call, and o have the call handled as specified.

5.4.2. Call disposition choices

Section 2 of [10] details the call disposition outcome of a ICW session. They are reproduced here as a numbered list for further discussion: 1. Accepting the call over the PSTN line, thus terminating the Internet (modem) connection 2. Accepting the call over the Internet using Voice over IP (VoIP) 3. Rejecting the call 4. Playing a pre-recorded message to the calling party and disconnecting the call 5. Forwarding the call to voice mail
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 27
      6. Forwarding the call to another number

      7. Rejecting (or Forwarding) on no Response - If the subscriber
      fails to respond within a certain period of time after the dialog
      box has been displayed, the incoming call can be either rejected
      or handled based on the treatment pre-defined by the subscriber.

   It should be pointed out for the sake of completeness that ICW as a
   SPIRITS service is not possible without making the SCP aware of the
   fact that the subscriber line is being used for an Internet session.
   That awareness, however, is not a part of the ICW service, but solely
   a pre-requisite.  One of the following three methods MUST be utilized
   to impart this information to the SCP:

      A. ICW subscriber based method: the ICW client on the subscriber's
      PC notifies the SCP of the Internet session by issuing a SIP
      REGISTER request.

      B. IN based method: SCP maintains a list of Internet Service
      Provider (ISP) access numbers for a geographical area; when one of
      these numbers is dialed and connected to, it (the SCP) assumes
      that the calling party is engaged in an Internet session.

      C. Any combination of methods A and B.

   ICW depends on a TDP to be provisioned in the SSP.  When the said TDP
   is encountered, the SSP suspends processing of the call and sends a
   request to the SPIRITS-capable SCP.  The SCP determines that the
   subscriber line is being used for an Internet session.  It instructs
   the SPIRITS notifier on the SCP to create a SIP INVITE request and
   send it to the SPIRITS subscriber running on the subscriber's IP
   host.

   The SPIRITS subscriber MUST return one of the possible call
   disposition outcomes catalogued in Section 5.4.2.  Note that outcomes
   1 and 4 through 7 can all be coalesced into one case, namely
   redirecting (using the SIP 3xx response code) the call to an
   alternative SIP URI.  In case of 1, the URI of the redirected call
   MUST match the very same number being used by the customer to get
   online.  Rejecting the call implies sending a non-2xx and non-3xx
   final response; the remaining outcomes result in the call being
   redirected to an alternate URI which provides the desired service
   (i.e., play a pre-recorded announcement, or record a voice message).
Top   ToC   RFC3910 - Page 28
   Further processing of a SPIRITS notifier when it receives a final
   response can be summarized by the following steps:

      1. If the response is a 4xx, 5xx, or 6xx class of response,
      generate and transmit an ACK request and instruct the SSP to play
      a busy tone to the caller.

      2. Else, for all 3xx responses, generate and transmit an ACK
      request, and compare the redirected URI to the subscriber's line
      number:

         2a.  If the comparison indicates a match, instruct the SSP to
         hold onto the call for just enough time to allow the SPIRITS
         subscriber to disconnect the modem, thus freeing up the line;
         and then continue with normal call processing, which will
         result in the subscriber's phone to ring.

         2b.  If the comparison fails, instruct the SSP to route the
         call to the redirected URI.

      3. Else, for a 2xx response, follow the steps in section 5.4.3.

5.4.3. Accepting an ICW session using VoIP

One call handling option in ICW is to "accept an incoming call using VoIP". The SPIRITS notifier has no way of knowing a-priori if the subscriber (callee) will be choosing this option; nonetheless, it has to account for such a choice by adding a SDP in the body of the INVITE request. A possible way of accomplishing this is to have the SPIRITS notifier control a PSTN gateway and allocate appropriate resources on it. Once this is done, the SPIRITS notifier adds network information (IP address of the gateway and port numbers where media will be received) and codec information as the SDP portion of the body in the INVITE request. SPIRITS requires the DP information to be carried in the request body as well. To that extent, the SPIRITS notifier MUST also add the information associated with the TDP that triggered the service. Thus, the body of the INVITE MUST contain multi-part MIME, with two components. The SPIRITS notifier transmits the INVITE request to the subscriber and now waits for a final response. Further processing when the SPIRITS subscriber returns a 200 OK MUST be handled as follows: On the receipt of a 200 OK containing the SDP of the subscriber's UA, the SPIRITS notifier will instruct the SSP to terminate the call on a pre-allocated port on the gateway. This port MUST be correlated by the gateway to the SDP that was sent in the earlier INVITE.
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   The end result is that the caller and callee hold a voice session
   with part of the session occurring over VoIP.



(page 29 continued on part 2)

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